Food security

• Food security is the availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability of food.
• Define food security

  It means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all time
• Affordability - refers that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient,safe and nutritious diet
• Accessibility means food is within reach of every person
• Availability - refers to the food production within the country,food imports and previous year stock stored in gov. Granaries
• Famine - wide spread of deaths due to starvation and epidemics by forced use of contaminated food and decaying food
• Most devastating famine - famine of bengal,1943
• People affected by famine - fisherman,agricultural labourers,casual labour
• Up,Bihar,west bengal- largest no. Of food insecure
• Seasonal hunger- is related to the cycle of food growing and harvesting

  Occurs- in community or society certain time of the year

  Persist year after year

  In rural area- seasonal nature of agriculture act. In urban areas -casual labour
• Chronic hunger- - depends on quality and quantity of food

  Occurs- when ppl lack the opportunity to earn money to get educated and skilled to meet basic needs

  Continues for long period of time and results in death

  Poor people suffer- low income and inability to buy food for survival
• Highest rate of production of wheat - MP, UP
• Highest rate of production of rice - west bengal,UP
• Msp- the FCI purchase wheat and rice from farmers where it is surplus
• Buffer stock is the stock of food grains produced by gov.through the food co operation of indi7
• the buffer stock is created for the distribution of the food grains in direct areas and among the society of poor section at a price lower then the market price this price is know as issue price
• Ration shops - which keeps stock of food grains,sugar,soap etc. these items are provided to poor people at a much lower price then market price
• subsidy - is the payment that a gov. Makes to the producer to supplement the market price of a commodity
• Disadvantage of ration shops-

  • Selling of poor quality grains
  • Irregular opening of shops
  • Diverting grains to open the market to get better margins
  • Unsold stock of poor quality gets piled up with FCI
  • earlier, there was only one price for food grains, but after the introduction of PDS there different prices are issued for the people who have ration cards
• National food security act - provides for food and nutrition security life at affordable prices and enable ppl to live a life with dignity
• AAY - under this scheme 1 cr of the poorest among BPL families covered under targetted public distribution system were indentified
• States where MSP of wheat and rice is increased - punjab , west bengal , haryana