GCSE PE

• Yo-Yo test

  aerobic fitness test
• weight training


  The lifting of weights to build strength; also called resistance training.
• Interval training


  Alternating periods of work with active recovery
• Continuous training


  training at a moderate to high intensity without stopping to rest
• plyometric training


  quick, powerful movements (jumping, skipping, hopping, throwing)
• Oxymyoglobin


  oxygen rich myoglobin
• Oxyhemoglobin


  Hemoglobin combined with oxygen
• cardiac hypertrophy


  enlargement of the heart
• muscular hypertrophy


  enlargement of muscle fibers
• Haemoglobin


  The protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells.
• Myoglobin


  stores oxygen in muscle cells
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell
• Increased bone density


  Increased mineral density and calcium absorption increase bone strength as a result of weight-bearing activities e.g. running. Prevents Osteoporosis.
• muscular hypertrophy


  enlargement of muscle fibers
• Breathing rate


  number of breaths per minute
• cardiac hypertrophy


  enlargement of the heart by increases in muscle wall thickness or chamber size or both
• oxygen debt


  deficiency of oxygen from physical activity
• Equation for anaerobic respiration

  glucose -> lactic acid
• Equation for aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
• lactic acid


  Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions)
• anaerobic respiration


  Respiration that does not require oxygen
• aerobic respiration


  Respiration that requires oxygen
• anaerobic respiration


  Respiration that does not require oxygen
• aerobic respiration


  Respiration that requires oxygen
• Exhaled air


  contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen
• Inhaled air


  high O2, low CO2
• pressure gradient


  Pressure difference between two points
• intercostal muscles


  muscles between the ribs
• Bronchioles


  smallest branches of the bronchi
• Bronchi


  The passages that direct air into the lungs
• Diaphragm


  Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
• Breathing rate


  number of breaths per minute
• vital capacity


  The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.
• Tidal Volume (TV)


  volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath
• long term effect of exercise on cv system

  lower resting heart rate, increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output
• Diffusion


  Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Gaseous exchange


  The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air
• Veins


  Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
• Arterioles


  smallest arteries
• Arteries


  carry blood away from the heart