Ionic Compounds

• Ionic compounds are a type of chemical compound formed through the combination of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions).
• Ionic compounds are typically composed of metal cations and nonmetal anions.
• Chemical Ionic Bonds occur through the process of transferring electrons from one orbit to another.
• Metals tend to lose electrons and form positively charged ions (cations).
• Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and form negatively charged ions (anions).
• When a metal and a nonmetal react, the metal transfers electrons to the nonmetal, creating ions with opposite charges.
• The transfer of electrons creates electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively charged metal cations and the negatively charged nonmetal anions.
• The positive and negative ions combine in a ratio that ensures the overall charge of the compound is neutral.
• Solid ionic compounds are generally brittle and have high melting and boiling points. They are also non-conductive unless in a dissolved or molten state.
• Transition metals may have variable charges, so the charge must be specified for these ions.
• Electronegativity is the measure of electron attraction in the formation of bonds.
• electronegativity is measured by the Pauling scale with values ranging from 0 to 4.0
• Ionization Energy is the energy required to deduct one electron from each atom.
• Electron Affinity is the energy release when an electron is added to an atom in its neutral state.
• When naming cations, simply add the word 'Ion' after the element.
• When naming anions, add the prefix '-ide' and continue with the word 'ion.'
• systematic names provide a standardized way of naming compounds based on rules set by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), and they are preferred in scientific contexts.
• Classic names are often used in everyday language and in specific contexts where systematic names may be less familiar.