chemical bonds

• Ionic bonds are formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other.
• Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), while nonmetals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
• Covalent bonds occur between nonmetal atoms and involve sharing electron pairs.
• Covalent bonds tend to be strong because they distribute electrons evenly and atoms receive full shells.
• Ionic bonding occurs when one atom loses an electron, forming a positive ion (cation), while another atom gains that electron, becoming a negative ion (anion).
• Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between polar molecules or between a polar molecule and an ion.
• Metallic bonding involves the attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.