Chapter 1

• Jose Rizal Law - Republic Act 1425
• Purpose: Rizal Law is an act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
• Importance: The Rizal law is very important in our lives as Filipinos because Dr. Jose P. Rizal plays a significant role in the heritage and history of the Philippines. Rizal’s literary novels immortalize life in the Philippines during

  the Spanish era and the strong desire for freedom and independence.
• SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges, and universities, public or private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts.
• The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act.
• Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after publication in the Official Gazette.
• SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory for all schools, colleges, and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English, as well as other writings of Rizal, shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges, and universities.
• SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog, and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country.
• SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public

  school teachers and other person engaged in any public school.
• SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.
• SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
• The 19th century stands out as an extremely dynamic, creative, and ever-changing period, especially in Europe.
• Russian Czar Alexander II proclaimed the emancipation of 22,500,000 serfs to appease the rising discontent of the Russian masses.
• President Abraham Lincoln issued an emancipation proclamation in 1862 freeing the negro slaves.
• Emperor Napoleon III's (France) ambition to colonize Latin America was Mexico President Benito Juarez who liberated his country from foreign intervention.
• Western imperialism gained momentum with Great Britain, under the glorious reign of Queen Victoria, emerging as the leading colonial power.
• Not to be outdone, France also gained several colonies in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos to form the French Indo-China.
• MEIJI JAPAN. On the 1853, the United States opened Japan to the world, ending Japan's 214-year self- imposed isolation. Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji Japan) modernized the country by accepting Western influences. No sooner had Japan strengthened its army that it began its imperialistic career by grabbing Formosa and Pescadores and annexing Korea.
• THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  •This change was made possible through the Industrial Revolution, which was started in England and spread to other European countries.
• Industrialization was accelerated by the discovery of oil, gasoline, and electricity as sources of power and industrial energy. Telephone, telegraph, and cable facilities enabled the people to better communicate.
• IDEALS OF SOCIALISM

  -The workers who were influenced by Marxist principles began to make more demands from their capitalist employers.
• IDEALS OF DEMOCRACY

  • Democracy implies popular and free elections, free speech, free press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion.
• WHAT IS NATIONALISM?

  -Nationalism is a condition of the mind, feeling or sentiment of a group of people living in a well-defined geographical area, speaking a common language, with literature that expresses the aspirations of the nation being attached to common traditions.
• IDEALS of Jose Rizal

  •Rizal, as a product of his era, sets forth his message as a human declaration that all human beings without distinction of any kind are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
• It was Jose Rizal who first used the word Filipino to refer to the inhabitants of the country, whether they were of Spanish or Filipino blood.
• Indios- native inhabitants

  Filipinos- inhabitants with Spanish blood (peninsulares, insulares, mestizo)
• 5 social Classes in the Philippines

  > Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain)

  > Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines) = Filipino

  > Middle Class (Spanish Méstizos or Mestizos de Español; the principalia and the Chinese mestizos or mestizos de Sangley)

  › Chinese- (people from China migrated in the Philippines.)

  > Indio- Malayan inhabitant in the archipelago)= Filipino
• Governor-General Narciso Claveria's 1849 decree mandating people to take on surnames, undergo registration, and be in possession of cedula indicating one's name and residence as well as the employment of guardia civil that assumed a facilitative function of carrying out the colonial government policies.
• The Spanish colonial government was obliged to issue an order in 1836 that ensured literacy through primary

  schools in towns.
• This ultimately brought about, after centuries of Spanish occupation, the enactment of a decree in 1863 that mandated free access to modern public education for all Filipinos. This resulted from the changes in the Philippines education policy prompted by the economic development of the 19th century.
• Role of the Jesuits:

  • The Jesuits were responsible for the creation of the Escuela Normal de Maestros or superior Normal school (1865) and Ateneo de Municipal.