intro

• Physiological psychology seeks to describe the physicalmechanisms of the body that mediate our movementsand mental activity
• Physiological – Brain and other vital organs
• Ontogenetic – Development of a structure or behavior
• Evolutionary – Genetic history
• Functional Why a structure or behavior evolved as it did.
• Hippocrates – Father of modern western medicine– Suggested that Psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease– Placed importance on the brain as the seat of wisdom, consciousness, intelligence and emotion – Recognized effects of interpersonal relationships to Psychopathology
• Galen Humoral theory of disorders
• Humoral theory of disorders• Melancholia – • Sanguine – • Phlegmatic –

  • Choleric –

  Based on four basic Greek qualities: Heat, dryness,

  moisture and cold
• Melancholia – from an abundance of black bile
• Sanguine – cheerful and optimistic
• Phlegmatic – Apathy and sluggishness
• Choleric – hot-tempered
• humoral theory of disorders yreatment involved creating a balance of the humors
• Syphilis Presented delusions of persecution and grandeur.• Symptoms are similar to, but not the same as Psychosis(presence of Delusions and hallucinations)
• General Paresis : patients that presented apparentpsychotic symptoms which deteriorated steadilywith paralysis and death within 5 years
• Franz Joseph Gall (1808)– Father of Phrenology– Character can be determined based on the shapeof one’s skull
• Phineas Gage (1848)– An accident suggested that the frontal lobe of thebrain is important in the development of one’spersonality
• Charles Darwin (1872)– Studies Emotions in humans and animals– Develops an Idea of Consciousness (then followed upby Freud)
• Hans Berger (1929)– Develops the first ECG
• Walter Freeman and James Watts (1936)– Perform the first Lobotomy
• Karl Spencer Lashley (1950)– Memory Study in Rats
• What do we study in PhysioPsych• Neurophysiology and Neuroanatomy• Sensation and Movement• Physiology of Behavior
• Physiology of Behavior

  – Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

  – Ingestion

  – Sexual Behavior

  – Memory
• Mind-Brain Relationship • The focus on biological explanations ofbehavior and the body.
• Major views of the mind and body: dualism, holism
• Dualism Mind and body are separate, but interacting– Rejected by most neuroscientists but is the mostcommon belief among nonscientists
• Monism Mind is a property of the physical nervous system(body)– Universe is only comprised of one substance– Ex: Materialism, Mentalism, Identity position
• Genetics• Genes and environment interact to shapehuman behavior– By how much?– Ex: Psychological disorders, weight gain,personality, sexual orientation and/or identity
• Descartes Mind and Body are Separate– We are a mind that occupies and operates a body(Dualism)
• Localization of Function – Muller: Nerves carry messages through differentchannels– Fluorens: Ablation (Removal of discrete brain areas inanimals)
• Darwin’s theory of natural selection • Species adapted to their environments tend tohave higher survival rates
• Paul Broca – Broca’s Aphasia (inability to produce words orphrases)
• Fritzch and Hirtzig – Applied electrical stimuli to the cortex of dogs toelicit muscle contraction – Identified the Primary motor cortex
• Functionalism – Organisms characteristics must serve a function, Natural Selection – Characteristics that allow an organism toreproduce successfully are passed to offspring,

  Evolution – is the result of Natural Selection