Midterm 1

• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Pure substance is a sample containing only one type of substance with a chemical symbol or formula
• Element is the simplest type of matter, composed of only one type of atom
• Atom is the smallest unit of matter that can exist and keep its unique characteristics
• Mixture is a combination of two or more substances
• Homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout
• Heterogeneous mixture has a varying composition throughout
• Periodic table of elements organizes elements by properties into periods and groups
• Chemical symbol is the abbreviation for an element found on the periodic table
• Group is a vertical column of elements on the periodic table
• Period is a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
• Macronutrients are charged particles essential for electrical signal transportation through cells
• Micronutrients are concentrated in specific organs and tissues
• Chemical formula shows the identity and number of elements in a compound
• Physical change is a change in the state of matter, not its chemical identity
• Chemical change involves the reaction of substances, changing their chemical identity
• Chemical equation represents a chemical reaction with reactants and products
• Reactant is the substance(s) that react(s) in a chemical reaction
• Product is the new substance(s) produced by a chemical reaction
• Law of conservation of mass states matter is neither created nor destroyed
• Coefficient is a number used as a multiplier in scientific notation or preceding a chemical formula
• Systeme International d’Unites (SI) is the preferred system of units for measurement in science
• Metric system is part of the International System (SI) of measurement
• Kilogram (kg) is the SI unit for mass
• Gram (g) is the base metric unit for measuring mass
• Liter (L) is the base metric unit for measuring volume
• Meter (m) is the base metric unit for measuring length
• Equivalent unit are two quantities related with an equal sign
• Conversion factor shows the relationship between two units in a fraction
• Dimensional analysis converts between equivalent units of the same quantity
• Significant figures are known digits in a measurement plus the first estimated digit
• Mass measures the amount of material in an object
• Weight is the force of an object due to gravity
• Volume is the space occupied by a substance
• Density compares a substance's mass to its volume
• Osteoporosis is a medical condition with reduced bone density, making bones fragile and prone to fractures
• Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density
• Temperature measures the hotness or coldness of a substance
• Hyperthermia occurs when body temperature rises above 40.0°C (104°F)
• Hypothermia occurs when body temperature falls below 35.0°C (95°F)