Pharm Exam 1

• AMDUCA: Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994
• ELDU: Extra Label Drug Use
• AMDUCA allows veterinarians to use a human or animal drug for Extra Label Drug Use (ELDU)
• Chloramphenicol is banned in food animals due to causing aplastic anemia
• Clenbuterol is banned in food animals due to its ability to increase skeletal muscle
• Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is banned in food animals as it is a carcinogen causing cervical cancer
• Dimetridazole, Ipronidazole, and other Nitroimidazoles are banned in food animals due to being carcinogenic flagelles
• Furazolidone is banned in food animals as it is a carcinogen
• Nitrodurazone is banned in food animals as it is a carcinogen
• Sulfonamide drugs in lactating cows are banned in food animals due to being an antibiotic (Albone)
• Furoquinolones are banned in food animals and can only be used with the correct federal dosing - no ELDU
• Phenylbutazone is banned in female cattle over 20 months in food animals due to "bute" residues present at harvest
• Cephalosporins are banned in cattle, swine, and turkeys due to resistance to bacterial strains
• Adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors are banned in chicken, turkey, and ducks to prevent resistance for the treatment of avian influenza
• Recordkeeping requirements for controlled substances include:

  • Name, address, DEA #
  • Date and time of inventory
  • Indication of 2-year inventory maintenance
  • Indication that CII drugs are separate
• DEA 222 form is used for ordering or moving schedule 2 drugs
• DEA 106 form is used for reporting theft or loss of drugs
• DEA 41 form is used for controlled drug destruction
• The Delaney Clause of 1958 states that "No food additive may be permitted in any amount if tests show that it produces cancer"
• VCPR stands for Veterinarian-client-patient relationship
• Requirements for a valid VCPR include:

  • Vet assumes responsibility of making medical judgments regarding the health of the animal and client agrees to follow vet's instructions
  • Sufficient knowledge of the animal by the vet to initiate a general diagnosis of a medical condition
  • Vet is readily available for follow-up if needed
• A new dog coming into the clinic with a developing cough must be examined by the veterinarian before any medication can be given
• A new cat coming into the clinic with a developing cough, where the veterinarian examines and diagnoses the cat with a URI, is within VCPR guidelines
• Label of a drug dispensed by a veterinarian must include:

  • DEA # on controlled substances
  • Vet name
  • Dosage
  • Refills
  • Veterinary clinic
  • Signature
• Label for a noncontrolled drug prescription must include:

  • Clinic info (name, address, phone #)
  • Legal signature of vet
  • Name and strength of drug
  • Use directions
  • Full name and address of client
  • Animal identification
  • Caution statement
  • Number of refills
• Label for controlled drug prescriptions must include:

  • Clinic info (name, address, phone #)
  • Legal signature of vet
  • Name and strength of drug
  • Use directions
  • Full name and address of client
  • Animal identification
  • Caution statement
• Written noncontrolled drug prescription refills are good for 1 year, with refills
• Written controlled drug prescriptions are good for 6 months, with NO refills
• Abbreviations to avoid in prescriptions include: q.d., q.o.d., s.i.d.
• Steps to avoid medication errors include:

  • Completely writing out the prescription
  • Avoiding trailing zeros
  • Verbally stating the entire prescription over the phone
  • Using computers to reduce misinterpretation
  • Participating in educational programs
• Schedule I drugs are not used in veterinary medicine
• Recommendations on the use of human OTC drugs for animals by a pharmacist without veterinary direction are considered illegal
• VFD drugs are Veterinary Feed Directive Drugs intended for use in or on animal feed
• A drug put into feed is considered VFD, while a drug put into water is considered FDA
• ELDU of a VFD is legal
• Leading zeros are significant, while trailing zeros are never significant
• State and federal licensing requirements regarding vets include:

  • Waste
  • Administer
  • Prescribe
  • Store
  • Order
  • Dispense
• C-II drugs include: Fentanyl, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, pentobarbital, etorphine
• C-III drugs include: Anabolic steroids, buprenorphine, pento + lidocaine, ketamine, telazol
• C-IV drugs include: Benzodiazepines, diazepam, alprazolam, midazolam