THE SCIENCE OF MICROBIOLOGY (viruses)

• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cells or clusters; it includes viruses, bacteria’s, parasites and fungi.
• viruses are not made out of cells
• essential elements for life: Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• They are belong to the protista biologic kingdom- General properties of microorganisms
• Includes some eukaryotes and prokaryotes, viruses, viroid’s, and prions- General properties of microorganisms
• Are classified according to their structure, chemical composition, biostnthetic and generix organization- General Properties of microorganisms
• occurs when two organisms of different species come together and undergo an interaction that is mutually beneficial for them. - MUTUALISM
• a relationship between different species in which one organism lives on or in the other and benefits from it by causing dome harm. - PARASITISM
• creation of drugs, vaccine, normal flora as defense mechanism- MUTUALISM
• viruses have unique properties that set them apart from loving creatures, it is because viruses lack the ability to replicate.
• Reproduction happens only when virus acquire a suitable host for reproduction
• Viral particle are generally small - adenovirus measures only 90nm
• Its inner structure only consist of nucleic acid - either RNA or DNA
• Viroids commonly seen in plant diseases
• Lipid = lipid bilayer
• carbohydrates = glycan layer “peptidoglycan”
• proteins = glycoproteins “most frequently used by virus”
• The capsid is used to protect the nucleic acid and facilitates in the attachment and penetration of the host cell by the virus
• Assistance = delta agent
• Hepatitis D virus cannot replicate on their unless Hepatitis B virus is present
• virophanges is called when they infect other virus
• bacteriophanges when they infect bacteria
• viruses are not cell and not visible with the use of light microscope
• viroids are they only carries single stranded
• They are not cells and are not visible to light microscope- VIROIDS
• viroids are intracellular parasites
• viroids are single stranded, covalently closed, circular RNA molecules that exist as based-paired, rodlike structures
• viroids cause plant disease but not have been proven to cause human diseases
• Made out of pure abnormal proteins that are infectious particles usually associated with subacute progressive, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system- PRIONS
• consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat “capsid”
• Consist of only RNA; no ptotein coat -VIROIDS
• consist of only protein; No DNA or RNA- PRIONS