paper 1

• When Group 3 metals react, what charge do their ions have?

  3+
• When Group 2 metals react, what charge do their ions have?

  2+
• When Group 1 metals react, what charge do their ions have?

  1+
• How does an ionic bond form?


  The metal atoms transfers electrons to the non-metal atom
• Why do Group 0 (noble gas) elements NOT react?

  They already have a full outer shell
• Why do atoms of elements react?

  In order to get a full outer shell of electrons
• When does metallic bonding occur?

  In metals and alloys
• When does covalent bonding occur?

  When a non-metal reacts with a non-metal
• When does ionic bonding occur?

  When a metal reacts with a non-metal
• What is a metallic bond?

  A bond formed when metal atoms share delocalised electrons
• What is a covalent bond?

  A bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms
• What is an ionic bond?

  An attraction between oppositely charged ions
• What are the three types of bonding between atoms?

  Ionic, covalent and metallic
• What chemical properties of Transition metals are different to those of group 1?

  Transition metals are less reactive, have ions with differrent charges, form coloured compounds
• What physical properties of Transition metals are different to those of group 1?

  Transition metals have high melting points, have higher densities, are stronger, are harder
• What physical properties to Transition metals have in common with all metals?

  Conduct electricity as solids or liquids; are shiny when freshly cut
• Where do you find the transition metals in the periodic table?

  Between groups 2 and 3
• How do displacement reactions occur in the halogens?

  A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its compounds
• How does the reactivity of the halogens change as you go down Group 7?

  Reactivity of halogens decreases as you go down Group 7
• How do melting and boiling point change as you go down Group 7?

  Melting and boiling point increase down Group 7
• How does relative molecular mass, Mr, change as you go down Group 7?

  Mr increases down Group 7
• How do halogens react with non-metals?

  Halogens react with non-metals to form covalent compounds
• How do halogens react with metals?

  Halogens react with metals to form ionic compounds called halides
• How do halogen elements (X) exist?

  Molecules formed from two atoms (diatomic molecules), X2
• What type of elements are the halogens?

  Non-metals
• How many electrons do halogen atoms have in their outer shells?

  7
• What are elements in Group 7 called?

  Halogens
• How do alkali metals (M) react with water?

  2 M + 2 H2O → 2 MOH + H2
• How do alkali metals (M) react with chlorine?

  2 M + Cl2 → 2 MCl
• How do alkali metals (M) react with oxygen?

  4 M + O2 → 2 M2O
• How does the reactivity change as you go down the group?

  It increases as atoms get bigger (outer electrons further from nucleus)
• How many electrons do the alkali metal atoms have in their outer shells?

  1
• What are elements in Group 1 called?

  Alkali metals
• How does the boiling point of the noble gases change with increasing rel. atomic mass?

  Boiling point increases down the group
• Why are they unreactive?

  They have a full outer shell of electrons
• What are the elements in Group 0 called?

  Noble gases
• What determines how an element will react?

  The no. of protons à no. of electrons à where the electrons are à no. in outer shell
• Why do non-metals NOT lose electrons to become positive ions?

  They have larger numbers of electrons in their outer shells, so easier to gain than lose
• Why do metals lose electrons to become positive ions?

  They have small numbers of electrons in their outer shells
• Where are non-metals found in the PT?

  Towards the right and the top of the table