study guide

• In the two dimension cartesian coordinates x is horizontal y is vertical
• In the three dimension cartesian coordinates the x is anterior the y is medial and the z is vertical
• In the right hand rule the index finger is x the middle finger is y and the thumb is z
• The mechanical advantage is the ratio of the moment arm of force to moment arm of resistance
• The load-deformation curve is demonstrated by tissues responding based on how much force is being applied to them
• Cortical bone is mineralized connective tissue that is stiffer allowing it to hold more stress while the trabecular bone is less compact and spongy allowing it to hold more strain
• PNF is a group stretching procedure involving alternating contraction and relaxation responses
• Golgi Tendon Organs produce tension in stretching muscle and promotes relaxation of muscles developing tension
• Muscle spindles provoke the stretch reflex and inhibit tension in antagonist muscles (reciprocal inhibition)
• In a close-packed position joint stability is at its greatest with maximum contact between bone surfaces
• In a loose-packed position joint has least amount of bony contact and stability is at its lowest
• Articular fibrocartilage is soft tissue discs that intervene between articulating bones which absorb shock and distribute loads
• Articular cartilage is dense white connective tissue with protective layer that coats the ends of the bones
• Tendon sheaths are double-layered synovial structures that surround tendons positioned in close association with bones
• What are the two types of synarthrodial joints?

  sutures and syndesmosis
• what holds syndesmosis together?

  fibrous tissue bands
• What are the two types of amphiarthrodial?

  synchondroses and symphyses
• What is an example of symphyses?

  the pub symphysis
• What is synchrondroses held together by?

  cartilage
• What is an example of a diarthrodial joint?

  synovial