CE102-introduction ppt

• The word "computer" was first used by Richard Braithwaite in 1613, and in Latin, it means "computera" which translates to "to calculate"
• History of Computers:

  • The Mechanical Era (1623-1945) saw the invention of the Difference Engine by Charles Babbage
• • Fifth Generation (1984 - 1990) marked the widespread use of computer networks and single-user workstations
• Types of Computers:

  • Supercomputers
  • Mainframe Computers
  • Microcomputers,
• Characteristics of Computer System:

  • Speed, Memory, Accuracy, Automation, Storage Capacity, Consistency, and Remembrance Power are key characteristics of a computer system
• 
  

  • Computer Software includes operating systems, device drivers, firmware, and utility software
• Performing Maintenance:

  • Corrective maintenance involves fixing bugs identified by users
  • Adaptive maintenance requires regular changes to ensure compatibility
  • Perfective maintenance improves system functionality
  • Preventive maintenance aims to keep software from failing
• Computer Hardware:

  • Physical parts of a computer include the case, CPU, RAM, monitor, mouse, graphics card, motherboard, storage, and peripherals
  • Internal Hardware Components are essential for the computer's proper functioning
  • External Hardware Components enhance functionality and include peripherals
• Differences:

  • Computer Hardware consists of tangible components, while Computer Software consists of instructions and programs
  • Hardware can be touched and seen, while Software is intangible
  • Hardware can't be infected by viruses, but Software can be infected if not properly protected
  • Hardware wears out over time with extensive usage, while Software can be affected by bugs and glitches
• The word "computer" was first used by Richard Braithwaite in 1613, and in Latin, it means "computera" which translates to "to calculate"
• Types of Computers:

  • Supercomputers are designed for complex calculations and simulations at high speeds
  • Mainframe Computers prioritize reliability and security, supporting multiple users concurrently
  • Microcomputers, like personal computers (PCs), are small-sized and cost-effective, running various applications for personal use
• Characteristics of Computer System:

  • Speed, Memory, Accuracy, Automation, Storage Capacity, Consistency, and Remembrance Power are key aspects of a computer system
• Computer Hardware & Computer Software:

  • Computer Software includes operating systems, device drivers, firmware, and utility software
  • Driver Software controls devices connected to a computer, like game controllers and printers
  • Middleware mediates between application and system software
  • Programming Software is where developers write code to create programs
• Performing Maintenance:

  • Corrective maintenance involves fixing bugs identified by users
  • Adaptive maintenance requires regular changes to ensure compatibility with new hardware and software
  • Perfective maintenance improves system functionality like the user interface
  • Preventive maintenance aims to keep software from failing
• Computer Hardware:

  • Physical parts of a computer include the case, CPU, RAM, monitor, mouse, graphics card, and more
  • Internal Hardware Components are essential for the computer's proper functioning
  • External Hardware Components enhance functionality and include peripherals
• Differences between Computer Hardware and Computer Software:

  • Hardware includes tangible components like input devices, output devices, and secondary storage devices
  • Software is intangible and created by writing instructions using programming languages
  • Hardware can be touched and seen, while software cannot be touched but can still be used
  • Hardware can't be infected by viruses, but software can be infected if not properly protected
• • First Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953) used electronic switches in the form of vacuum tubes
• • Second Generation (1954 - 1962) computers were based on discrete diode and transistor technology
• • Third Generation (1963 - 1972) introduced integrated circuits (IC) and semiconductor memories
• • Third Generation (1963 - 1972) introduced integrated circuits (IC) and semiconductor memories
• Fourth Generation (1972 - 1984) replaced core memories with semiconductor memories
• • Sixth Generation (1990 - Present) focused on network bandwidth expansion and new developments like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Quantum Computing