Black Feminism

• Nakumura (2011) says that in the globalised society ethnic minority women can gain support online from one another by sharing their experiences
• Arlacki (1990) says that in the global networked society women from ethnic minorities are susceptible to human trafficking and sexual exploitation
• Heidi Mirza (2009) finds that african-Caribbean girls are likely to be pro-education
• Brugel (1979) says women are the reserve army of labour while Castles and Kosack (1973) says it is ethnic minorities showing ethnic minority women as the true reserve army
• Mercer (1987) says traditional black hairstyles are a resistance to racism as they emphasise ethnic identity
• Davidson's (1997) concrete ceiling shows ethnic minority women as being unable to access or even aspire to top paying jobs due to institutional racism and sexism
• Black feminism is critical of other forms of feminism (particularly Liberal) as they ignore the bigger issues ethnic minority women face such as human trafficking
• Pamela Abbott (2005) says society perpetuates a victim ideology around ethnic minority women while ignoring how they resist racism
• Pamela Abbott (2005) says early feminist ideologies are ethnocentric and only focus on the problems middle class white women face
• Rose Brewer (1993) says class, gender, and ethnicity are simultaneous forces reinforcing each other and multiplying inequalities
• Heidi Mirza (1997) says media representations of black women are stereotypical and should be challenged using the experiences of ethnic minority women to challenge the victim ideology
• Raewyn Connel (2009) is a post-colonial feminist who argues inequalities stem from colonial times and are embedded into modern attitudes surrounding race and gender