textiles

• textiles categories-

  • natural fibres
  • synthetic fibres
  • blended and mixed fibres
  • woven and non-woven fabrics
  • knitted textiles
• fabric types-

  wool- felt, polycotton

  cotton- polyester, nylon

  silk- elastane (lycra), acrylic
• cotton- a soft white fibrous substance which surrounds the seeds of the cotton plant and is made into textile fibre and thread for sewing

  • cellulose fibres are spun into yarn
  • cotton is soft, durable and easy to wash, creases easily
• wool- sourced from animal fleece

  • easily spun, woven or knitted
  • naturally crease resistant and able to absorb to absorb dyes
  • absorb vapours and keeps a layer of dry air next to skin, thermal insulator
• cotton-

  • plant fibres from cellulose
  • look like twisted ribbon
  • strong, absorbent

  
• wool-

  • animal fibres from protein molecules
  • short scaly fibres
  • trap air for thermal insulation

  
• synthetic fibres- can be made from different types of polymer, derived from petrochemicals

  • dyes can be added to create colours
  • polyester, acrylic, polyamide (nylon)
  • strong, non-absorbent, washes well, easy blended ended with other fibres
• polyester- crease, stain resistant and strong when wet or dry

  • often blended with other fibres (eg polycotton)
  • seat belts, rain jackets, fleeces
• acrylic- lightweight, quick drying, crease resistant

  • mimics natural fibres like cotton and wool
  • commonly used in knitwear and sportswear
• blended fabrics- two or more fabrics blended for enhanced properties

  • polycotton- polyester + cotton
  • lightweight, soft, absorbent
  • bed sheets, pillow cases, clothing
• elasticity- how much a material will stretch and return to its original shape
• resilience- materials will spring back into shape after deforming or compressive force
• woven textiles- warns are woven together to form fabric
• plain weave textiles- easy to produce and strong than more decorative weaves

  • stable fabric construction
  • calico, muslin, gingham, taffeta
  • bedding, tablecloths
• twill weave textiles- distinctive diagonal lines in fabric

  • makes thicker fabric
  • curtains and soft finishings
  • denim
• non woven textiles- sheet or web of fibres are bonded thermally, chemically, mechanically

  • made directly from fibres, don't fray
  • no weaving knitting is required
  • absorbency. sterility, s, strength, softness, flame resistant, cushioning
• felted fabric- dense, non woven fabric

  • matted fibres are pressed with heat, moisture
  • felt is usually made of fool but can be mixed with synthetics to enhance resilience
  • not elastic, deforms when wet
• knitting- series or interlocking loops produces knitted fabric

  • Weft knitting –the interlocking loops are formed horizontally, which enable it to stretch, but may lose shape
  • Warp knitting –the loops interlock vertically, so the knit keeps it shape and is less likely to unravel or ladder
  • Weft knits are suitable for close fitting garments as the stretch allows the wearer to move comfortably
• bonded fabrics

  • fibres are held together by adhesives
  • fibres are HEATED if synthetic
• benefits of bonded fabrics-

  • resistant to tear and breakage
  • fusion between fabrics increases longevity and strength