Polymerisation

• What are the weaknesses of recycling?

  Collecting, sorting, and remoulding requires energy.

  
  

  Time consuming.

  
  

  Expensive.
• What are the strengths of recycling?

  Less green house gas emissions that the other methods.

  
  

  Conserves finite hydrocarbon resources.
• What is recycling?

  Convert waste into reusable material.
• What are the weaknesses of incineration?

  CO2 is released which is a greenhouse gas.

  
  

  There are high operating costs and trained personelle are needed.

  
  

  It is dangerous.
• Hat are the strengths of incineration?

  Quicker and takes up less space than landfill.

  
  

  Energy released can be used to generate electricity.
• What is incineration?

  Burning waste.
• What are the weaknesses of landfill?

  There is limited land available.

  
  

  Degration is slow.

  
  

  Toxic compounds can leach into the ground.

  
  

  Methane is released which is a green house gas.

  
  

  Deforestation is occurring to build more sites.
• What are the strengths of landfill?

  Waste is buried at specific contained sites.

  
  

  Biodegradable polymers will slowly degrade.
• What is landfill?

  Burying waste.
• Name three ways of disposing non degradable polymers.

  Landfill, incineration, recycling.
• Why are addition polymers non-biodegradable?

  They are saturated and non polar so unreactive and cannot be attacked by nucleophiles and therefore broken down by hydrolysis reactions.
• Why are condensation polymers biodegradable?

  They are polar so are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles e.g. water causing hydrolysis reactions to break them down into monomers.
• Why are condensation polymers stronger than addition polymers?

  They are polar due to c=o and n-h bonds meaning not only do they have VDWs but also dipole dipole and hydrogen bonds between parallel chains increasing there strength and rigidity.
• What is hydrolysis?

  Splitting with water.
• What two compounds form terylene (PET)?

  Benzene 1,4 dicarbocylic acid and ethane 1,2 diol.
• What is terylene (PET) and what is it used for?

  Polyester used for plastic drink bottles, sheeting, and clothes.
• What bond is present in polyesters?

  Ester bond
• What makes polyesters?

  Dicrboxylic acid and a diol
• What compounds form nylon 66?

  Hexanoic acid and 1,6 diaminohexane
• What is nylon 66 and what is it used for?

  Polyamide used for ropes, carpets, clothing, and parachutes.
• How many water molecules are produced in condensation polymers?

  2n-1 H2O
• What compounds form Kevlar?

  Benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid and 1,4 diaminobenzene
• What is Kevlar, and what do we use it for?

  Polyamide used for bulletproof vests, car tyres, and sports equipment as it is lightweight but strong.
• In condensation polymer reactions which molecule does the OH come from?

  Carboxylic acid
• What bond is present in polyamines?

  Amide bond.
• What forms polyamides?

  Dicarboxylic acids and diamines.
• What are the three types of condensation polymers?

  Polypeptide, polyamide, polyester.
• What are condensation polymers?

  Polymers formed from 2 different monomers with at least 2 different functional groups.