quiz 2 review

Created by

Jayna Ramesh

Cards (15)

types of urine specimens
24 hour urine - patient voids upon awakening; write down time of first void; collect rest of urine during the day in jug; next morning, urinate at time written yesterday into jug; ensures exactly 24 hours of urine is collected
cystitis - inflammation of bladder
nephritis - inflammation of the kidney
pyelonephritis - inflammation of kidney due to bacteria
glomerulonephritis - inflammation of kidney not due to bacterial infection; blood, casts, protein in urine; often caused by Ab-Ag complexes from infections at other body sites e.g. Group A strep infection, syphilis, some autoimmune disorders
nephrosis - kidney degeneration
nephrotic syndrome - increased permeability of glomerular membrane; results in massive proteinuria; see increase in serum lipids, decrease in serum albumin; often caused by circulatory disorders taht affect blood flow to kidney
macroscopic analysis
color
yellow - most common color of urine, due to presence of urochrome pigments at normal excretory volume
macroscopic analysis
color - determined by looking at urine in clear container against white background
macroscopic analysis
straw (pale yellow) - drinking more water; excreting more water; diluting urochrome
macroscopic analysis
dark yellow - decreased water excretion; caused by dehydration or water retention; could mean there is small amounts of bilirubin in urine
macroscopic analysis
orange - usually from UTI analgesic
pyridium - urinary tract analgesic; thick pigment; makes urine viscous and orange
macroscopic analysis
amber - beer bottle color; bilirubin usually causes this; can be old blood urine or hemolytic transfusion reaction
macroscopic analysis
red/pink/bloody - dipstick is positive for blood; can occur if
people eat beets
presence of porphyrins (chelates Fe in Hgb)
menstrual contamination
macroscopic analysis
green can be caused by
UTI drug called methenamine
chlorettes (mints)
some antidepressants and muscle relaxers
asparagus