Photoperiodism

• The photoreceptor molecule cryptochrome (CRY) plays a role in regulating flowering time by controlling the expression of genes involved in floral induction.
• Photoperiodic plants have an endogenous rhythm that is synchronized with the external light-dark cycle.
• Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors found in animals, fungi, and plants.
• Photoperiodic plants have different responses to light depending on their geographic location, with short-day plants requiring less daylight than long-day plants.
• In long days, the plant's internal clock becomes entrained to the longer day length, leading to early flowering.
• Short-day plants require shorter days to initiate flowering, while long-day plants need longer days.
• Day neutral plants do not respond to changes in day length and can be induced to flower under any photoperiod.
• Short days cause the plant's internal clock to become desynchronized from the shorter day length, resulting in late flowering or no flowering at all.
• Day neutral plants do not respond to changes in day length and can be induced to flower under any photoperiod.
• In Arabidopsis thaliana, CRY1 and CRY2 act as negative regulators of flowering time through their interaction with PRR7/PRR9 complexes.
• Plants grown at constant darkness will not flower unless exposed to a brief period of light.
• In some species, such as wheat, there may be multiple pathways leading to flowering, including both photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic mechanisms.
• Long-day plants require more extended periods of daylight to trigger flowering.
• Day neutral plants can be induced to flower under any daylength.
• Short-day plants require shorter periods of daylight to initiate flowering.
• Plants can be classified as short-day plants if they require less than 12 hours of darkness per day to initiate flowering, while long-day plants require more than 12 hours of darkness per day.
• Red light promotes flowering by inhibiting the activity of CRY proteins.
• Mutations in CRY1 or CRY2 result in early flowering due to increased sensitivity to red light.
• Plants use photoreception to detect environmental cues like light intensity, quality, duration, and directionality.
• The circadian rhythm is an endogenous biological process that regulates various physiological processes in organisms.
• The circadian rhythm is an endogenous biological process that regulates various physiological processes over a period of approximately 24 hours.
• Flowering occurs when the plant receives a certain number of hours of uninterrupted dark or light.
• The circadian clock regulates various physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and reproduction.
• Plants use photoreceptors such as phytochromes and cryptochromes to sense environmental cues like light intensity and duration.
• The critical daylength is the minimum number of hours of light required for flower initiation.
• Light perception involves photoreceptor proteins called phytochromes and cryptochromes.
• The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene is expressed in leaves and petals during short days, promoting flower development.
• Plants use photoreception to detect environmental cues such as light intensity, duration, quality, and directionality.
• Photoreceptors are molecules that absorb light energy and convert it into chemical signals that regulate plant responses.
• Photoperiodism refers to the ability of plants to respond to changes in day length and adjust their growth patterns accordingly.
• Photoreceptors are molecules that absorb light energy and convert it into chemical signals within cells.
• Photoreceptors are pigments that absorb specific wavelengths of light and convert them into signals that regulate plant growth and development.
• The circadian clock is an endogenous biological rhythm that regulates various physiological processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.
• The two main types of photoreceptors involved in plant development are phytochromes (red/far red) and cryptochromes (blue).
• The circadian clock is an internal biological mechanism that regulates various physiological processes over a period of approximately 24 hours.
• Phytochromes are red/far-red reversible chromoproteins found in higher plants that regulate various physiological processes.
• The critical day length is the minimum or maximum number of hours of daylight required by a plant to induce flowering.
• The circadian clock is an endogenous biological rhythm that operates on a daily cycle.
• Phytochrome is a protein complex consisting of Pfr (active form) and Pr (inactive form), which interconvert depending on the ratio of red to far-red light.
• Photoperiodic plants have different responses to long versus short days.