2.3 regulation of cell cycle

• G1- checks if dna is not broken.
• g2- checks for lack of damage to replicated dna
• m- mitosis check that check if spindle and chromatid are connected
• in plant cells, the Meristematic tissue is where mitosis happens. They reproduce via mitosis too.
• fungi’s generally grow via mitosis and can land on food
• apoptosis is cell programmed cell death as the cell has disease, end of its life and damaged cells.
• mechanic of apoptosis

  • internal signal within the cell. if a cell is damaged during cell division, apoptosis takes place internally.
• external apoptosis is where signal for it is received externally
• metastasis is a process wheer a tumour cell breaks off from the primary tumour and travels to another part of the body.
• checkpoint are g1,g2 and m
• g1- checks if dna is damaged

  g2- check if replicated dna is damaged

  m- checks if chromosomes are aligned.
• Apoptosis is programmed cell death
• necrosis is death of body tissue
• apoptosis

  1. Cell begins apoptosis
  2. Blebbing forms with nucleus condensing
  3. Partition of cytoplasm and nucleus into apoptotic bodies
  4. phagocytosis
• phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles
• intrinsic apoptosis is internal apoptosis
• extrinsic apoptosis is external