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Eng mid term
Skin
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The skin provides
protection
from
damage
and
entry
of bacteria
Regulates
temperature and acts as an
excretory
and
sensory
organ
Physical protection
from
damage
is mainly provided by the epidermis
Thickness
of the
subcutaneous tissue
plays a role in
protecting
against
injury
The
skin
acts as a
barrier
against
microorganisms
,
chemicals
, and
ultraviolet rays
Acts as a
waterproof
coat, preventing
rapid
absorption or
evaporation
of
water
and
electrolytes
Through perspiration, the body loses
500
ml of water a day
Regulation
of
temperature
is important, achieved through
sweat excretion
and
cooling
by
evaporation
Sweat consists of
95% water
,
2% dissolved salts
, a
small amount
of
urea
, and about
3% carbon dioxide
Sweat helps eliminate
excessive fluid
and
salts
, maintaining the body's
mineral balance
The skin is a
sensory
organ with
nerve endings
sensitive to
touch
,
pain
,
pressure
,
heat
,
cold
, and
itching
Special functions of the skin
include
secretion of ear wax and sebum by sebaceous glands
The
skin
is exposed to various
injuries
and
infections
, including
bacterial
,
viral
,
fungal
, and
parasitic
infections
Skin cancer
, like
melanoma
, can be triggered by
excessive sun exposure
Skin
allergies
and
irritations
by
harmful chemicals
can cause
dermatitis
or
eczema
Acne
is a
condition
of
overactivity
of
sebaceous glands
, common in
adolescence
Psoriasis
is a
chronic
skin disorder causing
overproduction
of
epithelial
cells
Skin lesions
are classified as
primary
(
acne
,
rash
,
eczema
,
furuncle
,
erythema
,
dermatomycosis
) or
secondary
(
crusts
,
fissures
,
excoriations
,
ulcers
)
The skin is composed of two main layers:
Epidermis
(thin outer layer)
Dermis
(thicker inner layer)
Epidermis
:
Protective layer
without
blood vessels
and
nerves
Built up
of
flat cells
of the
epithelium
Cells reproduce rapidly
in the
deepest layer
and
move up
to the
surface
to form a
protective layer
of
dead
cells
Dead cells are continually lost and replaced by new ones (keratinization process)
Contains pigment melanin, which gives the skin color
Hereditary factors determine skin color
Sunlight increases melanin concentration, protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet sun rays
In certain parts of the body, the epidermis is modified to produce
hair
and
nails
Hair
grows on all body surfaces except the
palms
of the
hands
and
soles
of the
feet
Fungal infection of skin
dermatomycosis
Located under the skin
Subcutaneous layer
A region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage such asa wound, ulcer, abscess, tumour
Skin lesion
The process of turning liquid into vapour
Evaporation
more then is necessary, normal or desirable
excessive
a small, often slightly raised blemish on the skin made by dark concentration of melanin
dark mole
a contagious skin disease marked by
itching
and
small
raised red spots, caused by the
itch mite


scabies
A medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed wity blisters which cause itching and bleeding
Eczema
an inflamed pus-filled swelling on the skin, caused typically by the infection of a hair follicle
furuncle
superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the
blood capillaries
erythema
an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal
ulcer
damage or removal of part of the skin surface
excoriations
The
integumentary system
consists of the
skin
and its
associated structures
The
integumentary
system protects against
infection
,
dehydration
,
ultraviolet
radiation, and
injury
Extensive
damage to the skin, such as
burns
, can lead to
dangerous
complications
The skin serves in
temperature
regulation and
sensory
perception
The
adjective cutaneous
refers to the skin
The epidermis is the
outermost
portion of the skin, consisting of
4
to
5
layers of
epithelial
cells
The
deepest
layer of the epidermis, the
stratum basale
, produces
new cells
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