Genetics

• Chromosome

  ➢ It is an organized structure of DNA and

  protein that is found in cells.

  ➢ A threadlike linear strand of DNA and

  associated proteins in the nucleus of

  eukaryotic cells that carry the genes

  and functions in the transmission of

  hereditary information.
• Gregor Johann

  Mendel

  ➢ He was an Augustinian priest

  and scientist

  ➢ Often called “father of

  genetics” for his study in the

  inheritance of plant peas.
• Gene is the basic unit of heredity

  in living organisms; it is a segment of

  DNA that determines a trait.
• Genome is the sum total of all the

  genotypes for all the traits of an

  individual organism.
• Allele is one member of a pair or

  series of genes that occupy a

  specific position or locus on a

  specific chromosome determining

  a specific trait.
• Dominant gene - this is the gene

  or factor that masks another gene.

  Recessive gene - this is the gene

  or factor that is masked by the

  dominant gene.
• Homozygous gene - genes that are

  morphologically alike.

  Heterozygous gene - genes that

  are morphologically different.
• Genotype is the genetic makeup or

  composition for a particular trait.
• Phenotype is the visible trait or

  characteristic of an organism

  determined by a specific genotype.
• Punnett Squares

  It is a diagram that is used to

  predict the outcome of a

  particular cross or breeding

  experiment.

  ➢ Parent alleles show on top and

  size; possible outcomes in boxes.

  ➢ It is named after Reginald C.

  Punnet