Health, human rights and intervention

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Geopolitics 
Study of how geography and economics have an influence on politics and on the relations between nations
Human rights
Shared principles or values which give humans certain rights that should never be denied
Intervention
An action taken by one or more sovereign states, with the territory of another, in order to change political and social conditions in that place
Development  
The ways in which a country seeks to develop economically and to improve the standard of living for its inhabitants
Development is a multi-dimensional process that includes:
Economic growth including employmentsector structure Investment and technological progress Advances in health and education Evolution of social and political institutions
Gross domestic product
The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year (or a quarter); it reflects the country's economic activity and broadly represents the standard of living in a country
GDP per capita
GDP divided by the number of people living in the country, giving a measure of the mean wealth per person. However, this disguises disparities between the very rich and the very poor.
GDP per capita (PPP based)
GDP per capita adjusted according to Purchasing Power Parity.; this considers the difference in costs of living between countries (normally compared to the USA)
Gross national income (GNI) per capita
The total wealth created by a country, including income from export (minus taxes and debts). Since currency exchange rates vary, this measure can change considerably over time
5 aspects of human development
Economic progess
Social progress
Cultural progress
Political progress
Environmental progress
How does economic progress lead to human development
Better jobs, rising incomes
How does social progress lead to human development
Education, housing, health
How does cultural progress lead to human development
Gender and racial equality, tolerance of diversity
How does political progress lead to human development
Democracy, freedom of speech
How does environmental progress lead to human development
Falling pollution, protection of habitats
Human development index (HDI) 
Imcludes GNI, years of school and life expectancy
Gender inequality index (GII)
measures reproductive health, empowerment, labour market participation
Environmental performance index (EPI)
Measures air quality, sanitation, biodiversity, forests, fisheries, climate, energy, resources and agriculture
Happy planet index (HPI)
Measures wellbeing, life expectancy, ecological footprint and inequality of outcomes
Human freedom index (HFI) 
rule of law, security and safety, assembly and civil society, freedom to trade, size of government, legal system and property rights
Wellbeing:
How satisfied the residents of each country say they feel with life overall, on a scale from zero to ten, based on data collected as part of the Gallup World Poll
Life expectancy:
The average number of years a person is expected to live in each country according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Ecological footprint 
The average amount of land measured using global hectares (gha) per person. needed to sustain a country's typical consumption patterns, based on data prepared by the Global Footprint Network
Why is Costa Rica the happiest place on the planet
Army abolished in 1949, army funds spent on education, health and pensions
99% of electricity is from renewable resources
High wellbeing due to solid social network
Use money for environmental protection
Case study: sharia law - contesting the Western development model 
Most western counties have separated government and religion as they see this as necessary for development
However Muslim world does not think this is necessary
Some countries eg Iraq have implemented sharia law into their constitutions
What did hans rosling believe
The world has made great strides in health, family size and life expectancy
Countries that have developed rapidly has improved the most
In the future for economic he thought 3 things will need to improve
3 things hans rosling thought needed to improve for economic development  
Environmental quality
Health and life expectancy of the poorest
Human rights
When did Evo morales become president of bolivia
2005
Why was Evo morales elected in bolivia
His election follower years of excluding indigenous people from the political system, an economy with rampant inflation, the selling off a state assets and high levels of poverty
How did evo morales transform bolivia
He renationised the oil and gas industries
He used revenue from royalties and profits to fund public works and projects and social programmes to fight poverty
Poverty has fallen by 43%
Case study: bolivias development strategy 2006
New development approach that put nature first in response to climate change
New emphasis has been placed on conservation with controls on industry and pollution
Authoritarian 
The forced governance of a country, through limited freedom of speech and rights of citizens.
British human rights report
A report identifying human rights priority countries, where rights are denied or restricted as viewed by the British government
Democratic state
Country based on ideology that everyone vote/opinion is equal
Deregulation
The removal of government rules or closed markets, often as a condition of aid from a developed country
Direct military intervention
The use of military 'force' - soldiers, weapons, conflict - to create change.
Failed state
A government that has lost control of its population or cannot function effectively
Indirect military intervention
The use of military personnel to help development, reconstruction or training
Sharia law
The Islamic laws and customs to be followed by its followers. Some countries make an interpretation of sharia law as its law
Tied aid 
Aid given to a country under certain conditions