Socsci 3rd

• Judaism was founded as a monotheistic faith at a time when it was uncommon
• Judaism is a root of two other monotheistic world religions: Christianity and Islam
• Judaism maintains a focus on study, community, good works, and equality as outlined in sacred texts, including the Torah, the Talmud, and Pirkei Avot
• Abram, later known as Abraham, was promised by God to father a great nation in Canaan
• Abraham and Sarah had a son, Isaac, after which Abraham was tested by God to sacrifice Isaac, but he was spared at the last moment
• Abraham is seen as the founder of Judaism, and his covenant with God was passed down to Isaac and then Jacob
• Jacob had 12 sons, the forebears of the 12 tribes of Israel
• Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt after receiving the Ten Commandments from God
• Saul united the 12 tribes of Israel around 1000 BCE
• David strengthened the unity of the tribes and built the capital at Jerusalem
• Solomon built a great temple in Jerusalem
• Israel, the northern half, was conquered by the Assyrians in 720 BCE
• Judah, the southern half, was conquered by Babylonians in 586 BCE
• Under later Persian rule, some Jews returned home and rebuilt the temple in Jerusalem during the rule of Herod
• In 63 BCE, Rome conquered Judah (or Judea)
• In 66 CE, Jewish Zealots rebelled against the Romans, who crushed the rebellion in 70 CE and destroyed the second temple in Jerusalem
• Jews worship in synagogues after the destruction of the temple and spread around the world into the Diaspora
• The Shema is the foundational prayer of Judaism, stating "Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One"
• The Sabbath is a day of holiness and blessing, set apart for prayer and study
• The High Holy Days, including Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, are days of reverence and awe
• Passover commemorates the Exodus from Egypt
• Hanukkah commemorates the "Rededication" of the Temple in Jerusalem by the Maccabees
• Purim commemorates the rescue of the Jews of Persia with the help of Queen Esther
• Judaism has dietary laws, including the separation of meat and dairy, ritual slaughter, and dietary restrictions
• Hebrew religion gave us monotheism, rule by law, the concept of the covenant, and influenced later Abrahamic religions and secular Western ethics and civil law
• T/F  Shema is the foundational prayer of the Jewish people.

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• T/F Moses is believed to be the founder of Christianity and Islam. 

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• T/F Monotheism encourages humans to seek a meaningful relationship to the deities.

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• T/F In the duration of the observance of the Yom Kippur, these days provide forgiveness for sins against God, but sins committed to others can be forgiven only when one has repaired the damage, he/she  has done. 

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• Under Jewish law, 18 is the age at which Jews take on the adult obligation of fulfilling the  commandments of the Torah


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• The Torah contains first five books of the Old Testament:

  Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy