FRM040 1st lecture

• Buffer zone- Identified area outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that needs special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm to the protected area. The buffer zone of twenty meters from the riverbank or lakeshore or seashore.
• 17 mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between 70% and 80% of the world’s plant and animal species
• Philippines ranks fifth in the number of plant species and maintains 5% of the world’s flora
• Species endemism is very high, covering at least 25 genera of plants and 49% of terrestrial wildlife.
• Biodiversity refers to all species and living things on Earth or in a specific ecosystem.
• Genetic Diversity – refers to the diversity within a species or simply the variety of genes e.g., variety of rice, variety of corn, variety of durian, etc.
• Species Diversity – refers to the diversity of species or simply the variety of different species e.g., eagle, lion, snakes, crocodiles, trees, fishes.
• Ecosystem Diversity – refers to the diversity among ecosystems e.g., forest, lakes, oceans, grassland, rivers, swamps, etc.
• Some values and significance of conserving biodiversity are:

  ■ Economic Value

  ■ Ecological Value

  ■ Cultural Value

  ■ Recreational Value

  ■ Aesthetic and ethical Value

  ■ Scientific Value

  ■ Biological Value
• Endemic: A biological taxon (genus, species, subspecies, variety, etc.) native to and restricted to a particular area or region and not found naturally anywhere else in the world.
• Native or Indigenous: A biological taxon (genus, species, subspecies, variety, etc.) native to a particular area or region; can be found naturally in other areas.
• Exotic or Introduced: A biological taxon (genus, species, subspecies, etc.) that is not native or indigenous to a particular area or region and that has been accidentally or deliberately introduced into the area.
• Wildlife- Includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
• Wildlife Is sensitive to change and is valuable because it indicates the quality of its environment (weather, plants, and all other factors that affect an animal).
• Healthy wildlife populations indicate a good environment; few or no wildlife usually means something is wrong.
• Wildlife is simply defined as any plant or animals living in a natural state, be it beneficial.
• According to Dr. Dioscoro Rabor, Wildlife Management is a branch of forest ecology which deals with the application of business methods and technical principles to the handling of wildlife and its habitat.
• Wildlife Management- It is the conscious application of ecological principles to increase the long range of wildlife to man.
• The objective of wildlife management is to promote effective planning, development, conservation, and maintenance of wildlife resources
• The objective of wildlife management is to estimate optimum wildlife production for a given forested area of known cover type and ecological composition
• The objective of wildlife management is to understand the history of the forest and the wildlife so as to determine what practices that disturb it
• The objective of wildlife management is to maintain a high population of desirable species
• The objective of wildlife management is to reduce those harmful and abundant wildlife species
• The objective of wildlife management is to limit utilization to the carrying capacity of land not to over-use or under-use
• The objective of wildlife management is to determine the species and the number present in the forested area
• The objective of wildlife management is to preserve those species that we already have
• WILDLIFE AS A RESOURCE:

  1 .Commercial Value

  2. Recreational Value

  3. Aesthetic and Ethical Value 4. Ecological value

  5. Scientific value

  6. Biological value
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  ■ Fishes are backboned animals that are living in water throughout their lives.
• Category of Fishes:

  1. Bony Fishes
  2. Cartilaginous
• 2. Amphibian

  ■ It spends parts of its life on land and parts on water
• Classifications of Amphibian:

  1. Frogs and toads
  2. Caecilians

  3. Salamanders
• Reptiles

  ■ Repto – from the latin word meaning to “creep”
• Categories of Reptiles:

  a.Crocodiles

  -Order Crocodyla

  b. Turtles/Tortoise -Order Chlonia

  c. Lizards

  -Order Squamata

  d. Snakes

  ■ Suborder Ophidia of the Order Squamata

  ■ Type: Venomous and Non- venomous
• Birds- It is a warm blooded, egg laying vertebrate with two legs and wings and usually covered with feathers.
• Mammals are endothermic vertebrate that is usually covered with hairs and has mammary glands to nourish their young’s.
• Classes of Mammals:

  a.Placentals (Human)

  b. Marsupials (Kangaroo)

  c. Monotremes (Duck-billed Platypus)
• 5 classes of wildlife:

  • Fishes
  • Amphibian
  • Reptiles
  • Birds
  • Mammals
• Wildlife habitat- can be classified based on ecosystems that are in areas known as biomes—large areas with distinct combinations of animals and plants.
• TERRESTRIAL BIOMES

  ■ Tropical Biome

  ■ Temperate Forest Biome

  ■ Grasslands and Savannas

  ■ Tundra and Taiga

  ■ Desert
• AQUATIC BIOMES

  ■ Lakes and ponds ■ Streams

  ■ Oceans and Seas

  ■ Wetlands and Estuaries