Circulatory and Respiratory System

• Components of the

  circulatory system

  1. Heart

  B. Heart Chambers

  C. Blood Vessels

  D. Blood Components
• Functions of the Heart

  ⊹ Generating blood pressure

  ⊹ Routing blood - separates pulmonary circulation

  and systemic circulation

  ⊹ Ensuring one-way blood flow

  ⊹ Regulating blood supply
• Heart chambers

  ⊹ The heart is divided into four chambers: the left

  and right atria and the left and right ventricles.

  ⊹ The atria are responsible for receiving blood

  coming from all parts of the body.

  ⊹ The ventricles are the pumping chambers of the

  heart.
• Heart chambers

  ⊹ Between the atria and the ventricles are the mitral

  and tricuspid valves. The valves are the

  overlapping layers of tissue that allow blood to

  flow only in one direction.
• Arteries

  ★ are blood vessels which carry

  blood away from the heart.

  ★ Among the artieries, the

  largest is aorta, whereas the

  smallest are the arterioles.

  Blood Vessels

  ★ It carries oxygenated

  blood, with the

  exception of the

  pulmonary artery

  which carries

  deoxygenated blood.
• Veins

  ★ are blood vessels that carry

  blood towards the heart.

  ★ the largest vein is the vena

  cava.

  Blood Vessels

  ★ are blood vessels which

  carry deoxygneated

  blood, with the exception

  of the pulmonary vein

  which carries oxygenated

  blood.
• Capillaries

  ★ these are the smallest blood

  vessels.

  ★ serve as connection between

  arteries and veins.

  Blood Vessels

  ★ they can also be found in

  the alveoli of the lungs.
• Components of the blood: ★ Plasma - the liquid

  component of the blood. It

  carries nutrients, water

  chemcials, and wastes.

  ★ Red Blood Cells - carry

  oxygen to the rest of your

  body.

  ★ White Blood Cells - protect

  your body against germs and

  other harmful substances.

  ★ Platelets - form blood clots

  when a vessel is cut.
• Pulmonary vs systemic circuit

  Pulmonary Circuit ★

  It is the blood

  pathway

  between the

  right side of the

  heart, to the

  lungs, and back

  to the left side

  of the heart.

  Systemic Circuit ★

  The pathway

  between the

  left and right

  sides of the

  heart.
• Heartbeat

  ⊹ The average heartbeat is 60 to 100 times per

  minute.

  ⊹ The pulse is the rhythmic stretching of the artery. It

  is caused by the pressure of the blood within as

  the ventricles contract.
• Heart Sounds

  ⊹ The sound consists of a pattern of

  two syllables: lub dub.

  ⊹ The first sound, lub, is produced

  by the vibration of the ventricles

  when they contract, and the

  closing of the valves between the

  atria and the ventricles.

  ⊹ The second sound, dub, is

  produced by the vibration of the

  valves within the blood vessels,

  which are connected to the heart.
• Respiration

  1. Aerobic Respiration

  B. Breathing System

  C. Anaerobic Respiration

  D. Respiration vs Combustion
• Respiration

  ⊹ The process that the body uses to release energy

  from digested food (glucose):

  ⊹ The type of respiration is called aerobic respiration

  because energy is released with oxygen.

  A) glucose

  B) oxygen

  C) carbon dioxide

  D) water

  E) energy

  
• Respiration vs Combustion

  ⊹ Burning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen.

  The reaction is called combustion

  ⊹ When something burns, heat and light energy

  released and carbon dioxide and water are also

  produced.

  ⊹ Respiration is a controlled reaction which slowly

  releases energy from food in the body’s cell.

  A) fuel

  B) oxygen

  C) carbon dioxide

  D) water

  
• Breathing

  ⊹ Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When

  you inhale, you breathe in air, including oxygen,

  into your lungs.

  ⊹ Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When

  you exhale, you breathe out the contents of our

  lungs and getting rid of the waste carbon dioxide.
• Differences between

  inhaled and exhaled air:

  A) 78

  B) 21

  C) 0.04

  D) 78

  E) 17

  F) 4

  
• Anaerobic respiration

  ⊹ When the body cannot supply the cells with the

  oxygen needed to breakdown glucose, then it has

  to carry out anaerobic respiration.

  ⊹ When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic

  acid produced soaks the muscle cells and prevents

  muscles from doing their work. It causes fatigue

  and sometimes cramps.

  A) glucose

  B) lactic acid

  C) energy