GAS Reviewer

• Disaster

  ● disruption of the functioning of a community

  ● impacts exceeds the ability of the community to cope with its own resources
• Pacific Ring of Fire

  • characterized by a chain of volcanoes where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions take place
• Disaster Risk - refers to the potential loss of life, injury, destroyed or damaged.
• Hazard

  ● a dangerous phenomenon that may

  cause loss of life

  ● include factors such as rapid

  urbanization concentration people
• Vulnerability

  ● incapability of resisting hazard

  ● include physical, social, environmental,

  or economic factors
• Exposure

  ● tendency of losing elements in society

  due to presence in hazard zones

  ● people or properties directly affected

  by natural disasters
• Natural Disaster

  ● caused by earth’s natural processes

  ● includes flood, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricane, volcanic eruptions
• Man-made Disaster

  ● caused by rapid industrialization

  ● includes hazardous chemical spills, explosion, biological attacks
• Classifications of Disaster

  Geologic - Earthquakes, Volcanic eruptions,

  Tsunamis, Landslides, Floods
• Classifications of Disaster

  Hydrometeorological - Typhoons, Droughts, Thunderstorms, Storm surges
• Classifications of Disaster

  Anthropogenic - Hazardous materials, Acid rain, Global warming
• Classifications of Disaster

  Biological - Insect infestation, Epidemic
• Typhoon Odette took place back in December 16, 2021
• Typhoon Odette is characterized by torrential rains, violent winds, landslides, storm surges
• Typhoon Odette affected over 7.8 million people across 11 regions
• effects of the Typhoon Odette include flooding of lowlands, cut-off telecommunications, destruction of fishing produce and farm lands
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) - refers to identifying, assessing, and reducing risks and effects of disasters through systematic effort
• Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) - refers to a systematic process that lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster
• The Philippine DRRM Act of 2010

  ● The Republic Act 10121 is known as “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System”.
• The Philippine DRRM Act of 2010

  RA 10121 or the Philippine DRRM Act of 2010 was signed on May 27, 2010 during the term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
• The Philippine DRRM Act of 2010 replaced the almost three-decade old Presidential Decree 1506 of 1978.
• Four (4) Management Phase of DRRM

  1. Mitigation
  2. Preparedness
  3. Response
  4. Recovery
• Mitigation (Prevention-Mitigation) - minimize the effects of disasters

  ● physical environment inspection

  ● review of infrastructure's safety features

  ● identification of relief sites

  ● availability of emergency vehicle access

  ● includes building codes and zoning, vulnerability analysis, public education
• Preparedness - planning how to respond

  ● response mechanisms and procedures

  ● fire drills, earthquake drills, etc.

  ● public education

  ● strategic reserves of food, water, meds

  ● logistical equipment

  ● includes preparedness plans, emergency exercises or training, warning systems
• Response - efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster

  ● refugee transport assistance

  ● temporary shelter and food camps

  ● first aid response

  ● humanitarian organization efforts

  ● initial infrastructure repair

  ● includes search and rescue operations
• Recovery - returning the community to its normal condition

  ● counseling programs

  ● temporary housing or reconstruction

  ● economic impact studies

  ● data collection related to rebuilding

  ● health and safety education

  ● includes temporary housing, grants, medical
• Considerations Factors

  1. Location
  2. Region
  3. Place
  4. Movement
  5. Human-Environment Interaction
• Location - position in the earth's surface

  1.1 Absolute Location - uses a fixed point on earth, using coordinates such as latitude

  and longitude

  1.2 Relative Location - is not a fixed reference and will change based on the secondary

  location. It can also be expressed in terms of distance or travel time.
• 2. Region - geographical tools used in organizing the planet’s spatial characteristics. These

  may have gradational or indistinct boundaries.
• 3. Place

  3.1 Physical Characteristics - these describe the natural environment

  3.2 Human Characteristics - these include built environment and other infrastructure
• 4. Movement - the way people travel from one place to another, share ideas, trade goods and services that may also include physical processes such as flowing water.
• 5. Human-Environment Interaction - this covers relationships within places; interrelationships between humans and environments.
• Impacts of Disasters

  1. Medical Effects
  2. Damage to Critical Facilities
  3. Disruption of Transportation
  4. Economic Impact
  5. Global Environmental Change
  6. Social and Political Impact
• Impacts of Disasters

  Medical Effects - include traumatic injuries, emotional stress, epidemic diseases, and indigenous diseases
• Impacts of Natural Disasters

  Damage to Critical Facilities - destruction or damage to facilities that may be critical not only in maintaining a safe environment and public order, but also in responding to disasters
• Impacts of Disasters

  Disruption of Transportation - disruption of surface transportation by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods
• Impacts of Disasters

  Economic Impact - disruption of normal business operations and other economic activities leading people to leave their jobs
• Impacts of Disasters

  Global Environmental Change - increasingly caused by both human activity and disasters characterized by severe cyclonic storms, flooding and drought, and more
• Impacts of Disasters

  Social and Political Impact - developing countries mostly affected large population consisting of the marginalized sector, the poor and other susceptible factors in society