P1 energy

• What is kinetic energy?

  Energy stored in moving objects
• Why does a stationary object have no kinetic energy?

  Because it is not moving
• How do you calculate kinetic energy?

  Using the equation $KE =$$0.5 \times m \times v^2$
• What is the unit of speed in the kinetic energy equation?

  meters per second (m/s)
• How do scientists convert Joules into kilojoules?

  By dividing by 1,000
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find mass?

  Mass = kinetic energy / (0.5 × speed²)
• What are the energy changes in a car running on petrol?

  • Chemical energy stored in petrol
  • Converted to kinetic energy in the engine
  • Powers the car's movement
• What steps should you follow to calculate kinetic energy?

  1. Identify mass (m) in kg
  2. Identify speed (v) in m/s
  3. Use the equation: $KE =$$0.5 \times m \times v^2$
  4. Calculate the result in Joules
  5. Convert to kilojoules if needed
• What is the relationship between kinetic energy and speed?

  • Kinetic energy increases with the square of speed
  • Higher speed results in significantly more kinetic energy
• What is elastic potential energy?

  Energy stored in a stretched spring
• How is elastic potential energy calculated?

  Using the spring constant and extension
• What happens when a force is applied to a spring?

  The spring stretches and stores energy
• What do a windup toy and a clock have in common?

  Both use energy stored in a spring
• What is the symbol for extension in a spring?

  Lowercase e
• What does a straight line graph of extension versus force indicate?

  Extension is directly proportional to force
• What happens if too great a force is applied to a spring?

  It exceeds the limit of proportionality
• What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

  U = 0.5 * k * e²
• What must the extension be in for the elastic potential energy equation?

  In meters
• How do you convert centimeters to meters?

  Divide by 100
• What are the key points about elastic potential energy calculation?

  • Use the equation: U = 0.5 * k * e²
  • Extension must be in meters
  • Spring constant varies by spring type
• What is the significance of the limit of proportionality in springs?

  • Beyond this point, extension is not proportional to force
  • Spring will not return to original length
• What is the process to calculate elastic potential energy in a spring?

  1. Identify spring constant (k)
  2. Measure extension (e)
  3. Convert e to meters if necessary
  4. Use the formula: U = 0.5 * k * e²
• What is gravitational potential energy?

  Energy stored due to an object's position
• Why does an object have gravitational potential energy?

  Due to the force of gravity acting on it
• What energy store is used to lift an object against gravity?

  Chemical energy from muscles
• What happens to gravitational potential energy when an object falls?

  It converts to thermal and kinetic energy
• What does gravitational field strength measure?

  The force of gravity acting on an object
• How do you convert grams to kilograms?

  Divide by 1,000
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy required to raise 1 kg by 1° C
• How do you rearrange the equation to find mass in the thermal energy calculation?

  Mass = thermal energy / (specific heat capacity × temperature change)
• What does the conservation of energy mean?

  Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• How can energy be transferred within a system?

  It can be transferred, stored, or dissipated
• What is kinetic energy?

  Energy stored in a moving object
• What is gravitational potential energy?

  Energy stored due to an object's height
• What is elastic potential energy?

  Energy stored in a stretched spring
• What is thermal energy?

  Energy stored due to an object's temperature
• What is a system in physics?

  An object or group of objects
• What is a closed system?

  No energy can enter or leave
• What happens to gravitational potential energy in a pendulum?

  It converts to kinetic energy as it swings
• Where does the maximum kinetic energy occur in a pendulum?

  At the bottom of the swing