DIVISION + DIFFERENTIATION IN CELLS

• Somatic stem cells divide by mitosis to form more diploid chromosome cells
• Stem cells create two cells by mitosis
• Mitosis creates two diploid (46) cells
• Meiosis creates haploid (23) cells
• Germline cells are gametes (sperm + ova) and stem cells that divide by mitosis + meiosis to form gametes
• Mitosis and meiosis both involve cell division
• Mitosis results in 46 chromosomes, while meiosis results in 23 chromosomes
• Mitosis: Cellular differentiation involves a cell expressing certain genes to produce proteins
• Therapeutic uses of stem cells involve repairing damaged or diseased organs or tissue
• Research uses of stem cells involve using them as model cells to study how diseases develop or for drug testing
• Stem cells can differentiate into all cell types and be used for corneal repair and skin regeneration
• Stem cells can regenerate burnt tissue and repair damaged corneas
• Stem cells can be used to repair a damaged cornea
• Stem cells can differentiate into all cell types found in a particular tissue type
• Blood stem cells located in the bone marrow can give rise to red blood cells, platelets, phagocytes, and lymphocytes
• Cancer development involves primary tumor formation where cells fail to respond to regulatory signals and divide excessively
• Secondary tumor formation occurs when cells within a tumor fail to attach to each other, spreading through the body
• Tumors are masses of abnormal cells
• Red blood cells, platelets, and phagocytes are types of blood cells
• Tumors


  Abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant