Social Studies Final Exam 9th grade

• 1. Why was the textile industry the first industry to turn to mechanization?

  Because it was extremely time-consuming and most of the work was done by hand, it meant that multiple machines were faster to produce.
• Why did France rely on waterpower rather than steam power during industrialization?

  Because they didn’t have Raw Material (coal)
• What did the invention of a machine that created parts of the same size and shape lead to?

  To interchangeable parts.
• What European nation became a leader in heavy manufacturing and the weapons industry by the late 1800s?

  Germany.
• Why did Germany industrialize later than the rest of Western Europe?

  Because Germany was made up of independent states.
• What invention made the expansion of the steel industry in the American Midwest possible?

  Bessemer process.
• 1. How did a few large companies dominate industrial economies by the late 1800s?

  By taking over small companies and creating monopolies.
• List two terrible working conditions in 1800s Europe.

  No safe equipment, had very low pay, would work for more than 10 hrs, oil spills, and toxic gases.
• Why were women and children ideal workers?

  Because they were not paid as much as the men and children had tiny hands and bodies to do specific work.
• 1. Even though child labor laws existed, why did they have little impact on protecting children?

  It had little impact on protecting children since the owners of these factories ignored them.
• Across much of Europe, the French Revolution encouraged what lasting ideal?

  Nationalism
• What type of society did Giuseppe Mazzini believe in?

  Democratics.
• 1. What was the goal of China’s Boxer Rebellion?

  To kick out all the foreigners that had imposed traditions against their culture and Christian missionaries.
• How did Bismarck pursue his goal of uniting Germany?

  He accomplished his goal using the might of his home state of Prussia. He persuaded the southern German states to unite with the northern states which were now under Prussian control. He provoked war with France and together, southern and northern defeated France. (By provoking France to war)
• What is the name of the policy in which a state takes political and economic control of areas beyond its borders?

  Imperialism. 
• What type of relationship did imperialist powers have with each other?

  They had a complex relationship because they competed with themselves and negotiated for lands
• Why did European powers fight so hard for access to China?

  All imperial powers wanted control of China because of their large population. Britain imported opium into China to control the markets and the people.
• What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War?

  Russia lost and that was the main reason why the revolution started, Japan obtained Korea, and the USA became a world power.
• 1. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

  An extension of the Monroe doctrine that declared that only the US themselves could help Latin America out if they were in trouble.
• What country destabilized the balance of European powers due to their rapid militarization in the years before WWI?

  Germany.
• What was the Schlieffen Plan?

  It is Germany’s strategic plan to invade France (from the West) and then Russia by using neutral Belgium.
• Why did the United States stay neutral for the first few years of WWI?

  American companies saw neutrality as a way to sell supplies to both sides.
• Why did the United States decide to join WWI?

  Germany killed 128 Americans in a british passenger ship, and also because Germany offered Mexico a deal – if they attack the US they will reward them with land taken during the Spanish-American War. 
• Who created the Fourteen Points?

  Woodrow Wilson
• 1. What major institution emerged from the Fourteen Points?

  United Nations
• Who was the last tsar of Russia?

  Nicholas II
• How did the peasants feel about the end of feudalism in Russia?

  They were disappointed because they expected land and more freedom.
• Who dissolved the newly elected assembly before the Russian Civil War?

  The Bolsheviks (Lenin).
• What was the name of the economic policy that Lenin created after the Russian Civil War?

  War-Communism.
• Put the following events in order from earliest to latest: 

  • 1 Alexander II is assassinated, (1881)
  • 2 The Schlieffen Plan was created, (1907)
  • 3 Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, (1914)
  • 4 Germany invades Belgium (1914)
  • 5 The February Revolution begins, (Feb. 1917)
  • 6 Nicholas II abdicates, (1917)
  • 7 Russia withdraws from WWI, (1917)
  • 8 United States enters WWI, (1917)
  • 9 Lenin leads the October Revolution, (Oct. 1917)
  • 10 The USSR is created, (1923)
• 1. Explain the concept of White Man’s Burden.

  "White Man's Burden" was the idea that Europeans had a responsibility to bring their civilization and values to other cultures during the era of imperialism.
• What are two differences between colonialism and imperialism?

  Colonialism is where one country physically exerts complete control over another country and Imperialism is formal or informal economic and political domination of one country over the other. Colonialism can be thought of as the practice of domination, and imperialism as an idea behind the practice.
• 1. Give two examples of why the fighting in WWI was different from previous wars.

  There were more innovations like trenches, tanks, and chemical weapons.
• What was the political difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks?

  The Bolsheviks believed that people from the intelligentsia could lead the revolution and Mensheviks believed that people from the working class could lead the revolution
• Explain how the February Revolution started in Russia and what a major outcome was.

  The February Revolution started in former Saint Petersburg when women workers incited the other workers to start revolting against the food shortages and a major outcome was that the czar abdicated.