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• Data are the raw facts, figures, and statistics that are encoded for processing by the system to provide information
• Hardware are the physical components of a computer required to input and process data, including communication devices, input devices, output devices, processor, and storage
• Information is the result of processing data/output from the system
• Users are the individuals that supply and enter data through various methods and make decisions that affect the system's output
• Procedure are the actions and steps taken to ensure the system executes tasks as expected
• Software are computer programs that provide step-by-step instructions to finish a task
• The earliest age of ICT was between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D., where early alphabets were developed, pens and papers were invented, and the numbering system became prominent
• Between 1450 A.D. and 1840 A.D., connections between current technology and its ancestors can be seen, with inventions like the Slide Rule and Pascaline by Blaise Pascal
• From 1840 A.D. to 1940 A.D., telecommunication started, inventions like the magnetic Telegraph, Morse code, Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, and the first Radio by Guglielmo Marconi were developed
• From 1940 up to the present is the current era where the ENIAC, the first high-speed digital computer capable of being programmed, was developed
• Vacuum tubes were used from 1940 to 1956 in computer systems for circuitry, along with magnetic drums for memory, but were costly, consumed a lot of electricity, and generated heat
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes from 1956 to 1963, providing smaller, faster, cheaper, and more energy-efficient options for computers
• Integrated Circuits from 1964 to 1971 increased computer speed and efficiency, allowing them to run multiple applications simultaneously
• Microprocessors from 1971 to the present are thousands of integrated circuits built onto a single silicon chip, leading to the development of the Internet
• Artificial Intelligence, still in development, aims to create devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization, with examples like Siri, Cortana, and Google Search Engine
• Information and Communication Technology deals with the use of communication technologies to locate, save, send, and edit information, aiming for unified communication
• Web 1.0 was static, while Web 2.0 allows user interaction with dynamic features like folksonomy, long-tail, rich user experience, and user participation
• Web 3.0, still in development, is expected to use AI technologies, data mining, machine learning, and semantic web for better categorization and understanding of information
• Future technologies include increased bandwidth for faster internet speeds, automation, hyper-automation, secure transactions through encryption, engaging digital experiences with VR and AR, and mobile transactions divided into mobile shopping, banking, and payment
• Dirty and dangerous jobs are now replaced by equipment, reducing accidents and providing a safer work environment
• Increased number of people are now working from home using their computers
• Additional jobs and employment
• Easier access to bank accounts using online banking services
• Items bought and ordered from online shops can now be paid through online payment
• Convenient banking and finance
• Mobile applications help users manage their finances by letting them track their expenses, income, and savings
• The methods of promoting and dealing with clients and customers have changed
• Easier and faster business transactions
• Growing number of online businesses and advertisements
• ICT made people more involved in their own healthcare
• People are now more informed and aware of their health
• Health awareness and better healthcare
• ICT helps both students and teachers by providing an easier way of learning and teaching through the introduction of modern technologies
• With the rise of the Internet, people can now easily gather updated data, information, and educational materials
• Improved and advanced education
• ICT improved the flow of information which helps public safety agencies
• Increased safety and security
• Response to critical situations, operations, and manhunt became quicker
• From toddlers to adults, people are now using gadgets and other ICT for leisure
• People are now capable of entertaining themselves by watching series and movies, playing games, listening to music, browsing the web, and chatting and calling, etc.