explaining depression

• What cognitive models explain depression?

  Beck's Negative triad and Ellis' ABC model
• What is a key assumption of the cognitive approach to depression?

  Distorted and irrational thinking causes mental disorders
• How can individuals overcome mental disorders according to the cognitive approach?

  By using more positive cognitions
• What causes depression according to the cognitive approach?

  Negative thoughts and irrational beliefs
• What is faulty information processing in Beck's negative triad?

  Focusing only on negative aspects of situations
• What are negative self-schemas?

  Interpreting all information negatively
• What are the three components of Beck's negative triad?

  Negative view of the world, self, and future
• What strengths support the cognitive approach to depression?

  • Evidence linking cognitive vulnerabilities to depression
  • Cohen's research on adolescents and cognitive vulnerability
  • Grazioli and Terry's study on pregnant women
• How does understanding cognitive vulnerability (CV) help in therapy?

  • Identifies and challenges negative triad components
  • Encourages testing the truth of negative cognitions
  • Increases resilience in vulnerable individuals
• What is a limitation of the cognitive approach to depression?

  It provides only a partial explanation for depression
• What does the ABC model stand for in Ellis' theory?

  Activating event, beliefs, consequences
• What does the 'A' in the ABC model represent?

  Activating event, a negative life event
• How do beliefs affect depression in the ABC model?

  Irrational interpretations of events cause overreactions
• What are the consequences in the ABC model?

  Emotional and behavioral outcomes are depression
• What are the strengths of Ellis' ABC model?

  • Real-world application in treating depression
  • REBT effectively alters irrational beliefs
  • Provides real-world value in therapy
• What is a limitation of the ABC model regarding types of depression?

  It only explains reactive depression, not endogenous
• What does the ABC model fail to explain about irrational thoughts?

  It does not explain their origin or cause
• What do some scientists believe causes depression?

  Genes and neurotransmitters play a role
• What ethical issue arises from the ABC model?

  It may blame the individual for their depression
• How can REBT be ethically acceptable?

  It must be done sensitively to avoid blame