Meiosis

• Prophase I involves the duplication of chromosomes (DNA replicates) and homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over.
• Homologous chromosomes separate at anaphase I to form two daughter cells with different combinations of genes from their parents.
• Crossing over occurs during meiotic prophase I when non-identical sections of homologous chromosomes exchange places.
• Crossing over occurs during meiotic prophase I when non-identical sections of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes.
• Anaphase I separates the chromosomes into groups of non-sister chromatids.
• Meiotic prophase I is the first stage of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up.
• Telophase I completes cell division by nuclear envelope reforming around each set of chromosomes
• Anaphase II occurs when the spindle fibers pull apart the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
• Telophase II is where the nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes, forming four genetically unique nuclei.
• Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into four haploid cells called gametes.
• Meiosis is important because it produces genetically diverse gametes, which allows for variation within offspring.
• The process of crossing over ensures that genetic information is mixed up and passed on to future generations.
• Genetic diversity is essential for survival as it increases the chances of organisms adapting to changing environments.
• Chiasmata are points on the chromosome where crossing over has occurred.
• Sexual reproduction involves two parents contributing different alleles to their offspring, leading to new combinations of genes.
• In humans, sexual reproduction leads to more genetic variety than asexual reproduction.