Intro to Chem, Matter and Properties

• Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties and its behaviours.
• Some examples of chemistry in everyday life are:

  • Food

  • Cleansing Agents
  • Cosmetics
  • Human Body
  • Cool Aid
• There are 6 branches of chemistry.

  1. Organic
  2. Inorganic
  3. Analytical
  4. Computational
  5. Biochemistry
  6. Physical
• Organic is the study of carbon and it's compounds.
• Analytical is obtaining, processing and communicating information about the structure of matter.
• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes / reactions in living things.
• Inorganic chemistry is the study of compounds without carbon. This includes salts and minerals.
• Physical chemistry is the study of how matter behaves at a molecular and atomic level.
• Computational chemistry uses computer simulations to solve problems in chemistry.
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space and volume.
• Certain things don't qualify as matter:

  • space
  • energy
  • time
  • gravity
  • reflections
  • love
  • sound (not sound waves)
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
• An atom is the basic building blocks of matter and is the smallest particle of an element that can exist.
• An atom consists of 3 smaller parts

  1. neutrons - no charge
  2. electrons - negative charge
  3. protons - positive charge
• A molecule is 2 or more atoms linked together through a chemical bond.
• Particular Theory of Matter a.k.a particle molecular theory of matter.
• It describes the microscopic properties of atoms and molecules.
• It describes the microscopic properties of atoms and molecules and their interactions.
• Microscopic means it can't be see by the naked eye.
• Macroscopic means you can see with the naked eye. Some examples are pressure, volume and temperature.
• This theory can explain why matter exists in different states such as solid, liquid and gas.
• There are 5 assumptions made.
• The first assumption is that all matter consists of tiny particles called atoms or molecules.

  An example is water is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
• The second assumption is pure substances have unique atoms.

  An evidence of this is pure gold because it consists of only gold particles.
• The third assumption is that particles are attracted to each other and have spaces between each other.

  An example is food dye in water (spread) and on a desk(stay on top).
• The fourth assumption is that particles are constantly in motion.

  An example is air flow.
• The fifth assumption is that as temperature increases, particles of matter move faster.

  An example in Jello dissolving quickly in hot water.
• The Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid Test is used to test diffusion. It provides evidence for three assumptions:

  1. All matter is made of atoms.
  2. Particles attract to each other and have spaces between them.
  3. Particles are constantly in motion.
• Diffusion is when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until it is evenly distributed. It doesn't have a semi-permeable membrane.
• An example is using an air freshener to mask the smell of a dirty toilet. High concentration - where spray

  Low concentration- the rest of the room
• Osmosis is when WATER particles go from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi- permeable membrane.
• A semi-permeable membrane allows only certain substances to pass through while keeping others out.
• Examples of osmosis include plant cells absorbing water and kidneys filtering blood.