States of Matter

• Solids are hard molecules that are packed together in a regular pattern. They have a fixed shape and volume.
• Solids have a strong IMF and low kinetic energy (particles vibrate).
• Because solids have a high IMF they have small gaps between them and are hard to compress.
• Liquid particles are close together and don't have a fixed arrangement. They slide and glide around.
• Liquids have a fixed volume but takes the shape of the container.
• The IMF and Kinetic Energy are intermediate.
• Gas particles are far apart and have no fixed arangement. They move quickly and randomly.
• They have a weak IMF and strong Kinetic Energy.
• IMF ( Inter Molecular Force ) is the force of attraction between particles.
• Kinetic Energy is the energy a body possesses when in motion.
• Energy - kinetic

  IMF- attraction

  
• The IMF and Kinetic Energy will always be inverse to each other.
• There are three PHYSICAL properties of matter:

  1. Mass
  2. Volume
  3. Density
• Mass is the amount of matter and object contains.
• The unit of mass measurements are kilograms, grams and metric tons.

  They are either measures by a scale or a balance.
• Volume is the amount of space occupied by a substance or object. It is measured in cubic metres, centimetres or litres.
• Volume is measures by math formulas.
• Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance.
• Density is measured by kilograms per cubic metre. The tools necessary are mass and volume.
• There are 3 CHEMICAL properties of matter:

  1. Flammability
  2. Reactivity
  3. Toxicity
• Flammable means that it can be easily ignited and burns quickly. This property is important because flammable substances can cause fire hazards if not handled properly.
• Reactive means that it reacts with other chemicals when exposed to them. This property is important because reactivity can lead to dangerous chemical reactions.
• Toxic means that it is poisonous and can harm living organisms. This property is important because toxic substances can pose health risks if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
• Physical properties have two subcategories:

  1. Extensive
  2. Intensive
• Intensive is when the property doesnt depend on the amount of matter and will still give the same results. Some examples are:

  • color
  • temperature
  • concentration
  • melting/boiling point
• Extensive is when the property depends on how much matter there is. Examples include mass, volume, density, surface area, and length.