Social influence

• Conformity refers to the tendency to change one's behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group
• Match the type of conformity with its description:

  Compliance ↔️ Agree externally, retain personal opinions

  Identification ↔️ Behavior and values change with group

  Internalization ↔️ Personal opinions genuinely change
• What type of conformity results in a temporary behavior change?

  Compliance
• Compliance is generally due to the normative social influence (NSI), which is driven by the desire to avoid rejection
• What type of conformity involves a permanent change in behavior and beliefs?

  Internalization
• Normative social influence is superficial and temporary.
• What is the primary motivation behind informational social influence (ISI)?

  To be correct
• Order the key steps in Asch's 1951 conformity study:

  1️⃣ Participants complete a line judgment task

  2️⃣ Confederates intentionally answer incorrectly

  3️⃣ Participants conform to the majority
• What was the overall conformity rate in Asch's 1951 study?

  32%
• Asch found that conformity increased with group size up to three confederates
• Unanimity in a group significantly reduces conformity.
• What happened to the conformity rate when one confederate gave the correct response in Asch's study?

  It dropped to 5.5%
• When Asch reduced the difference between the lines in his study, the task became more ambiguous, and conformity increased
• Asch's study primarily supports normative social influence.

  False
• What happened to the conformity rate in Asch's study when participants could write down their responses privately?

  It dropped to 12.5%
• Match the concept with its explanation in Ash's study:

  Normative social influence ↔️ Desire to avoid rejection

  Informational social influence ↔️ Desire to be correct
• What is a common criticism of Asch's study regarding temporality?

  Conformity rates varied over time
• Bond's 1996 meta-analysis found higher conformity rates in collectivist cultures
• Asch's line judgment task has high mundane realism.

  False
• What was the purpose of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  To study social roles
• Order the key steps in the Stanford Prison Experiment:

  1️⃣ Participants randomly assigned roles

  2️⃣ Prisoners given realistic arrest

  3️⃣ Guards establish authority

  4️⃣ Prisoners show signs of stress

  5️⃣ Experiment canceled early
• What role did Zimbardo take in the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  Prison superintendent
• The Stanford Prison Experiment was ended early due to concerns for the prisoners' mental health.
• The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates the power of situational factors to influence behavior
• What is a major ethical criticism of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

  Psychological harm to participants
• What did Richer and Haslam's 2011 replication of the Stanford Prison Experiment find?

  Participants did not inevitably conform
• Zimbardo's dual role as investigator and prison superintendent may have led to experimenter bias
• Match the explanation for obedience with its description:

  Agentic state ↔️ Belief in no personal responsibility

  Legitimacy of authority ↔️ Acceptance of hierarchical social structure
• In an agentic state, individuals feel personally responsible for their actions.

  False
• What visible symbol often communicates legitimacy of authority?

  Uniform
• Milgram's 1963 study aimed to test obedience in response to the Holocaust
• What voltage level did all participants in Milgram's 1963 study reach?

  300 volts
• In Milgram's study, 65% of participants went up to the full 450 volts.
• What happened to obedience when the professor gave instructions via phone in Milgram's study?

  It dropped to 21%
• When Milgram moved the study to an office block in a rundown area, obedience dropped to 47.6%
• What was the obedience rate when the professor was replaced with someone in normal clothes in Milgram's study?

  20%
• What did Hofling's 1966 field study find regarding nurses' obedience to a doctor's orders?

  21 out of 22 obeyed
• In Sheridan and King's 1972 study, 54% of males and 100% of females gave real shocks to a puppy
• What was the obedience rate in Bickman's 1974 New York field experiment when the researcher was dressed as a guard?

  89%
• What was the obedience rate in Milgram's original study?

  65.9%