development of the symphony

• Absolute music: Music that is just music, no story or meaning.
• Programmatic music: Music with a specific program or theme.
• The Romantic period was characterized by an emphasis on emotion over reason, individualism over tradition, and nature over society.
• The Classical period was characterized by a focus on melody, clarity, balance, and simplicity.
• What type of music were Sammartini's and Haydn's symphonies?

  Absolute
• What type of music were Berlioz and Beethoven's symphonies?

  Programmatic
• Who was Haydn employed by?

  Duke of Esterhazy
• Sammartini's symphony is mainly diatonic in harmony
• Haydn utilises adventurous and chromatic chords as well as neapolitan 6ths
• Berlioz used mass amounts of chromaticism in his chords
• Sammartini had two separate melodies in his symphonies
• Haydn utilises monothematic sonata form
• Sammartini uses simple 4/4 rhythms
• Haydn: alters the lengths of his phrases to create a sense of tension and release
• Sammartini: 3 movements, slow fast and then slow again
• Haydn: 4 movements; sonata form, slow, minuet and trio, fast
• Berlioz: 5 movements to fit his story of the symphonie fantastique