1 and 2 terminology

• Health and Wellbeing 


  refers to the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterized by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged. 
• Subjective


  it means different things to different people and is influenced by on personal beliefs or opinions.

  eg: an elite sportsperson: absence of sport related injuries and high levels of fitness.

  parents of young children: related to spending time with their children 
• dynamic 


  people’s views of their h/w are always changing over time. eg: medication
• Illness  


  a disease is a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage, while illness is a more subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease’.
• illness and disease 


  • Diseases can be physical and mental, like injuries and be different in severity 
  • Levels of illness will change with the repair/treatment  
• physical 


  relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks 
• emotional 


  relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. Emotional health and wellbeing is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. Emotional health and wellbeing is the degree to which an individual feels emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life 
• Mental 


  The current state of wellbeing relating to a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic 
• social 


  relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every person has equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of the society.  
• spiritual 


  relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world. 
• individually 


  Increases ability of individuals to live free from pain and concentrate on activities that improve their lives  eg. Work productively, Live independently, Earn income 

  • Overall reduces risk of death/illness, Reduced healthcare costs 
• Nationally  


  Experience greater economic benefits such as higher average incomes, greater productivity, less absenteeism from work and reduced healthcare cost 

  • Longer, healthier lives 
  • Health system savings 
  • Increased productivity 
  • Higher average incomes 
  • Reduced stress
  • Increase in social participation
• globally 


  • Promotes sustainability, social/ economic development, peace,
  • Reduces risk of disease transmissions between countries 
• peace 


  absence of conflict
• shelter 


  a structure that provides protection from the outside environment 
• education

  • Read and write. Greater understanding about health 
• food 


  essential for life and basic human right

  consumables that provide nutritional benefits for the body
• A stable ecosystem  


  when balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in an environment 
• Sustainable resources  


  relate to ensuring that the resources used to promote health and wellbeing in the present are available for future generations, so they too can experience a good quality of life 
• Social justice  


  can be defined in a number of ways, but the common underlying theme is equal rights for all, regardless of personal traits such as sex, class and income, ethnicity, religion, age or sexual orientation 
• equity relates to fairness and social justice, but has a particular focus on disadvantaged groups.  
• Health status  


  An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.’
• self assesed


  ‘An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general.
• Life Expectancy  


  the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth
• Health-adjusted life expectancy 


  the average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury
• Mortality  


  the number of deaths in a population in a given period
• Mortality Rate  


  the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100 000) 
• Infant mortality rate 


  the rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births 
• Under-five mortality rate 


  The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
•  Maternal mortality ratio 


  the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, childbirth or associated treatment per 100 000 women who give birth (or per 100 000 live births) 
• maternal mortality 


  the death of a
• Morbidity  


  ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population
• Incidence  

   

  refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period 
• Prevalence  

   

  the total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
• Burden of Disease  

   

  a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY
• DALY 


  a measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALYs are calculated as the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability for people living with the health condition or its consequences 
• Years of life lost

  a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
• Years lost due to disability


  a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability