P-1.2

• The child's ability to understand the world around them is influenced by their experiences, which can be both positive and negative.
• Psychological development: The changes in an individuals social, emotional and cogniive abilities from infancy through to old age.
• Genes: The basic units of hereditary or inheritance that conatin genetic information and form a section of DNA
• Hereditary: The passing on of genes or genetic information from parents to their offspring
• Genotype: All the genes that a person has inherited from their biological parents
• Environmental Factors:

  • Emotional
  • Physical
  • Sociocultural
  • Parental
  • learning
• Psychological development areas:

  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Cognitive
• Nurture:

  • Refers to enviornmental factors, and the things within it that shape us. Typically sorted into five groups.
• 1. Emotional environment
  2. Sociocultural environment
  3. Learning environment
  4. Parental environment
  5. Physical environment
• Enriched: All basic needs and more are provided so the environment positively contibutes to growth and development of an individual
• Biopsychosicial approach: Considers psychological development as being influenced by interacting biological, psychological and social factors. Provides osychologists with an understanding of what ‘normal’ or ‘typical’ development looks like
• Maladaptive behaviour: Behaviour that is unhelpful, dysfunctional and non-productive, and that interferes with a persons ability to adjust to their environment appropriatly and effectively
• Risk factors: A range of factors that may increase ones chances of devloping atypically or having a mental disorder
• Protective factors: A range of factors that may prevent or decrease the chances of developing atypically or having a mental disorder
• The biopsychosocial approach

  • Model for considering psychological development and well-being
• Psychological development —→ Social, cognitive and emotional development
• Mental wellbeing—→ State of emotional and social wellbeing
• Genetic predisposition: An increased likelihood to develop certain traits, including diseases if certain conditions are met.
• Environmental factors: Factors from an individuals physical or social surroundings
• Early life experiences: These refer to experiences and events that occur during childhood and adolescence, which can significantly influence psychological development and mental wellbeing
• The biopsychosocial approach is a model for understanding psychological development and well-being. It considers psychological development as being influenced by interacting biological, psychological, and social factors. This approach provides psychologists with an understanding of what ‘normal’ or ‘typical’ development looks like and helps them understand and explain both health and disease.
• Example of biopsychosocial approach:

  An example of the biopsychosocial approach is considering how depression in an individual might be influenced by biological factors (like chemical imbalances in the brain), psychological factors (such as negative thought patterns), and social factors (like a lack of social support). This approach emphasizes that all these factors interact and influence one another in contributing to the individual's experience of depression.
• Mental wellbeing: An individuals current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions.
• Risk factors: These are those that contribute to the likelihood of a person either suffering from a mental disorder or experiencing a relapse
• Protective factors: Guard against onset or relapse by supporting a persons general wellbeing. They provide resilleance.
• Biological: internal genetic and or/psycholigaclly based factors. Can be innate, such as genetic pre-disposition passed down from ones parents or can come about later in life, such as taking certain medication.
• Psychological: Internal factors pertanining to an individuals mental process, including their cognition, thoughts, belifs, and attitudes. Psychological factors are everything that an individual experiences within their mind.
• Social: External factors relating to an individuals interactions with others and their external environment, including their relationships and community involvement.
• Conntinum: Mental health is always changing, dynamics, fluctuates.
• The causes of mental disorders are complex and multifaceted, involving biological, psychological, and social factors.
• Mental illnesses are not static conditions but rather dynamic processes that change over time.
• What are some examples of biological factors in the biopsychosocial approach?

  • Sleep
• Emotions are temporary feelings that arise from personal experience as an unconscious response
• Theory of mind refers to an individual's ability to attribute and understand mental states, beliefs, experiences, and emotions of oneself and others
• Development of emotional intelligence is an individual's ability to monitor their own and others' emotions and use this information to guide their thoughts and behaviors
• By the age of 4, individuals are expected to have developed Theory of Mind (T.O.M)
• Theory of attachment specifically refers to the bond between an infant and their primary caregiver
• Attachment is a long-lasting bond between two individuals that significantly impacts the infant's emotional development
• Attachment formed can enhance or reduce the infant's ability to understand and express their own emotions, as well as other emotions
• Secure attachment and insecure attachment are two types of attachment