1.5 - Ribose Structure

• What type of sugar is ribose?

  Monosaccharide
• What is the chemical formula of ribose?

  C5H10O5
• Why is ribose important for the body?

  It is crucial for making RNA
• How many carbon atoms are in ribose?

  5 carbon atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms are in ribose?

  10 hydrogen atoms
• How many oxygen atoms are in ribose?

  5 oxygen atoms
• What is the molecular structure of ribose?

  • Five-carbon chain
  • Carbon backbone forms main structure
  • Carbonyl group at carbon-1 for ring formation
  • Hydroxyl groups involved in glycosidic linkages
• What role does the carbonyl group at carbon-1 play in ribose?

  It participates in ring formation
• How does ribose change from a linear chain to a cyclic form?

  • Through nucleophilic attack
  • OH group on carbon 4 attacks carbonyl carbon (C1)
  • Forms a ring structure called furanose
• Why is the cyclic form of ribose more stable than the linear form?

  It leads to a mixture of alpha and beta anomers
• What is the analogy used to describe ribose's structure and function?

  • Ribose is like a building block
  • Made of carbon balls, oxygen balls, and hydrogen sticks
  • Special shape helps ribose perform its job
• What happens during the ring formation of ribose?

  It bends into a ring shape
• How does ribose's ring shape contribute to its stability?

  It is stronger than the linear form
• What is the chemical structure shown in the image?

  Carbohydrate molecule

  
• What type of carbohydrate molecule is depicted in the image?

  Disaccharide

  
• What are the two monosaccharide units that make up the sucrose molecule?

  Glucose and fructose

  
• What are the key structural features of the sucrose molecule?

  • Contains a glucose unit and a fructose unit
  • Linked by an oxygen atom between the C1 of glucose and the C2 of fructose
  • Has a total of 12 carbon atoms
  • Contains multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups

  
• What is the name of the specific disaccharide molecule shown in the image?

  Sucrose

  
• How does the structure of sucrose allow it to function as an energy storage molecule in plants?

  • The glucose and fructose units can be easily broken apart and metabolized to release energy
  • The glycosidic bond between the monosaccharides is relatively stable, allowing sucrose to be stored without degrading
  • Sucrose can be transported throughout the plant and converted to other carbohydrates as needed

  
• How can the structure of sucrose be used to distinguish it from other disaccharides?

  • Sucrose has a glucose unit linked to a fructose unit
  • Other disaccharides like lactose have different monosaccharide units
  • The specific arrangement and linkage of the glucose and fructose in sucrose is unique

  
• What are the potential limitations of using only the structural information provided in the image to identify the sucrose molecule?

  • The image does not provide any information about the molecular weight or other physical/chemical properties
  • Additional analytical techniques like mass spectrometry or NMR may be required to definitively confirm the identity
  • The image alone does not provide information about the biological function or sources of sucrose