BACT LAB: COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

• Methods for the disposal of hazardous waste:

  • Biohazard containers for materials contaminated with potentially infectious agents
  • Sharps containers for sharp objects
  • Discard shelves, carts, bins for contaminated culture tubes and glassware
  • Trash cans for noncontaminated materials, paper, or trash
• Chemical Hygiene Plan includes guidelines on:

  • Proper labeling of chemical containers
  • Manufacturers’ material safety data sheets (MSDSs)
  • Written chemical safety training and retraining programs
• Four types of fire extinguishers:

  • Water extinguishers for wood, paper, and cloth fires
  • Foam extinguishers for flammable liquids like petrol, diesel, and paint
  • Dry powder extinguishers for flammable gases and electrical fires
  • CO2 extinguishers for electrical fires
• Universal or Standard Precautions in the microbiology laboratory involve:

  • Handling infectious materials
  • Personal hygiene
  • Use of personal protective equipment
  • Handling sharp objects
  • Hand-washing procedures
• Biosafety Levels 1 through 4:

  • BSL-1: Basic containment for agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults; e.g., non-pathogenic E. coli
  • BSL-2: Enhanced containment for agents associated with human disease; e.g., Staphylococcus aureus
  • BSL-3: Containment for agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission; e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • BSL-4: Maximum containment for agents with a high risk of life-threatening disease for which no vaccines or treatments are available; e.g., Ebola virus
• Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential in the laboratory
• Methods for the disposal of hazardous waste:

  • Biohazard containers: eliminate materials contaminated with potentially infectious agents
  • Sharps containers: effectively eliminate sharp objects
  • Discard shelves, carts, bins, etc.: used for contaminated culture tubes and glassware
  • Trash cans: for noncontaminated materials, paper, or trash
• Chemical Hygiene Plan:

  • Includes guidelines on proper labeling of chemical containers
  • Requires manufacturers’ material safety data sheets (MSDSs)
  • Involves written chemical safety training and retraining programs
• Four types of fire extinguishers:

  • Water: effective for controlling ordinary combustibles
  • Foam: effective for controlling liquid fires
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2): effective for electrical fires
  • Dry chemical: effective for flammable liquids and electrical fires
• Universal or Standard Precautions in the microbiology laboratory:

  • Handling of infectious materials
  • Personal hygiene practices
  • Use of personal protective equipment
  • Handling of sharp objects
  • Hand-washing procedures
• Biosafety Levels 1 through 4:

  • BSL-1: basic containment for agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults; representative organism: non-pathogenic E. coli
  • BSL-2: enhanced containment for agents associated with human disease; representative organism: Staphylococcus aureus
  • BSL-3: applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities; representative organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • BSL-4: required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease; representative organism: Ebola virus
• Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential in the laboratory
• Maximum Containment - Biosafety Level 4

  Dangerous pathogen units
• Containment- Biosafety Level 3

  Special diagnostic services, research
• Basic- Biosafety Level 2


  primary health services, diagnostic services, research
• Basic- Biosafety Level 1


  Lab Type: Basic teaching, research
• Risk Group 4


  A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available.
• Risk Group 4

  High individual and community risk
• Risk Group 3


  A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available.
• Risk Group 3

  High individual risk, low community risk
• Risk Group 2


  A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock, or the environment.
• Risk Group 2

  Moderate Individual Risk, Low Community Risk
• Risk Group 1


  A microorganism that is unlikely ti cause human or animal disease
• Risk Group 1

  No or low individual and community risk
• BSL 4

  can cause disease in healthy adults; poses a lethal risk and does not respond to vaccines or antimicrobial therapy
• BSL 3


  can cause disease in healthy adults; may spread to community; effective treatment readily available
• BSL 2


  poses a moderate risk to healthy adults; unlikely to spread throughout community; effective treatment readily available
• BSL 1


  not likely to pose a disease risk to healthy adults
• Class III Cabinets


  totally enclosed BSCs
• Class II Cabinets


  Downward hepa filter
• Class III Cabinets

  Air coming into and going out of the cabinet is filter sterilized, and the infectious material within is handled with rubber gloves that are attached and sealed to the cabinet
• Class II Cabinets


  called vertical laminar flow BSCs
• Class II Cabinets

  the air flows in "sheets", which serve as barriers to particles from outside the cabinet and direct the flow of contaminated air into the filters
• Class II Cabinets


  sterilize air that flows over the infectious material, as well as air to be exhausted.
• Class I Cabinets

  They have negative pressure and may be ventilated to the outside or exhausted to the work area and are usually operated with an open front.
• Class I Cabinets

  allow room (unsterilized) air to pass into the cabinet and around the area and material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted
• Biologic Safety Cabinet


  a device that encloses a workspace in such a way as to protect workers from aerosol exposure to infectious disease agents
• True


  All materials contaminated with potentially infftious agents mist he decontaminated before disposal.
• gloves, goggles, gown, mask

  proper placement order of doffing PPE
• Gown, mask, face shield, gloves


  proper placement order of donning PPE