EXERCISE 1. INSECT MORPHOLOGY

• 3 main regions of cockroaches

  head, thorax, abdomen
• simple eyes 


  ocelli
• The frons is the front of the head, it bears the antennae and ocelli.
• The vertex is the top of the head
• gena is the area at each side of the head below and behind the compound eyes
• clypeus is the part of the head below the frons to which the labrum is attached.
• pronotum is the dorsal portion or notum of the prothorax where the head overhangs
• how many pairs of wings is/are present in insects?

  2 pairs
• this segment of the thorax bears the tegmina

  mesothorax
• which segment bears the hind wing of insects?

  metathorax
• True or false. Each segment of thorax bears a pair of legs

  true
• round structures that are found on the lateral sides of each segment of the abdomen of insects which are also external openings of their respiratory system.

  spiracles
• between the maxillae and labium is a medial fleshy, tongue-like organ called hypopharynx.
• mid-gut is attached to the large, spindle-shaped enteric ceca.
• main veins of insects

  costa, subcosta, radius, media/median, cubitus, anal vein, jugal vein, cross vein
• thickened anterior vein 


  costa
• vein immediately below costa

  subcosta
• this vein can be divided into R1 and R2


  radius
• this vein may have branches (MA, MP)

  media/median
• this vein connects two veins

  cross veins
• labrum also known as upper lip
• labium is also known as the lower lip, it is the most posteriorly situated mouthpart.
• the tracheal system is closely adhering to the dorsal body wall.