matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
• Physical phases of matter include: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
• A pure substance has a fixed composition and identical properties in all samples
• An element is a pure substance that contains only one type of atom with the same number of protons or atomic number
• A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in a definite, fixed ratio of mass
• A mixture is a type of matter composed of varying portions of two or more substances that are physically mixed, not chemically bonded
• Types of mixtures:

  • Heterogeneous mixtures have two components that can be observed and are non-uniform
  • Heterogeneous mixtures can be separated by normal filtration or ultrafiltration
• Types of heterogeneous mixtures:

  
  

  Suspension

  • A mixture of liquids with particles of solid that may not dissolve in the liquid
• Colloid:

  • A mixture where very small particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance
• Homogeneous mixture:

  • Formed by the combination of a solute in a solvent
  • Cannot be seen as separate entities either by the naked eye, through a microscope, or an ultra microscope
• Solubility:

  • The amount of solute that will dissolve in a specified volume or mass of solvent (at a given temperature) to produce a saturated solution
  • Depends on the temperature of the solution
• Solution:

  • A homogeneous type of mixture of two or more substances
  • A mixture of a solvent and a solute
• Solute:

  • The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent
• Solvent:

  • Able to dissolve other substances
  • the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
• Seperating Mixture1.) SedimentationA very basic process which allows the suspended. materials to settle.
• 2.) Filtration-seperating a solid or suspension from a liquid.
• 3.) Charcoal FiltrationA process wherein a liquid or gas is passed through a layer of activated charcoal.
• 4.) Evaporation-Obtaining the solute from a solution.
• 5.) Distillation-Obtaining the solvent from a solution.
• 6.) Fractional Distillation

  -Seperating on liquid from liquids that have a mixture of different different boiling points.
• • 7). Chromatography
  • seperating out one color from a mixture of colors.
• Arrangement of clements in the modern periodic table

  Groups

  Elements in vertical column.
• Periods•the horizontal rows in the periodic table. there are 7 periods.
• Family• Elements in the periodic table Family A and Family B.
• Metalloids•Elements found beside the zigzag line.•They seperate metals from non-metals.Metallbids can have both properties of metal and non-metals.
• parts of atom

  
• -atomic number

  -atomic symbol

  -atomic name

  -atomic weight/mass

  
• Metals•Metals are good conductors of electricity.All the S, D and F block elements are metals.
• Non- MetalsPoor conductors of electricity.All P block elements are non-metals.•Elements other the zigzag line not including the noble gas.
• Group & SublevelIA to 11A = S Sublevel111B to IIB = D SublevelIIIA to VIIA = P SublevelCe to Lu and Th to Lr = F Sublevel