Cromwell as a military leader

• What was the first major victory for Cromwell’s cavalry?

  Battle of Marston Moor
• Who did Cromwell command during the Battle of Marston Moor?

  Eastern Association cavalry under the Earl of Manchester
• What was the result of the Battle of Marston Moor for Cromwell?

  Established his reputation as a cavalry commander
• In which year was the Battle of Naseby fought?

  June 1645
• What was Cromwell's role in the New Model Army during the Battle of Naseby?

  Lieutenant-General of Horse
• What significant outcome resulted from the Battle of Naseby?

  Turning point in the war for Parliament
• What did Cromwell capture during the Battle of Naseby?

  Royalist baggage train
• What did the captured baggage train reveal?

  Charles's secret correspondence with foreign powers
• How did Cromwell contribute to the creation of the New Model Army?

  Promoted soldiers based on ability, not class
• What was a key characteristic of the New Model Army?

  Merit-based and well-paid soldiers
• What campaign did Cromwell lead in Ireland?

  Campaign to suppress Irish Catholic Royalist resistance
• What were the outcomes of Cromwell's campaigns in Drogheda and Wexford?

  Military success but reputational damage
• What was the impact of the massacres in Drogheda on Cromwell's reputation?

  Long-term damage, especially in Ireland
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Dunbar?

  Decisive victory despite being outnumbered
• How did Cromwell achieve victory at Dunbar?

  Using tactics and terrain to his advantage
• What was the result of Cromwell's campaign at Worcester?

  Effectively ended the Third Civil War
• What was the goal of Cromwell's Western Design in 1655?

  To challenge Spanish colonies in the Caribbean
• What was the outcome of Cromwell's expedition to Hispaniola?

  Failed due to disease and disorganization
• What strategic gain did Cromwell achieve despite the failure in Hispaniola?

  Captured Jamaica
• What were Cromwell's strengths as a military leader?

  Brilliant battlefield commander and key victories
• What were Cromwell's weaknesses as a military leader?

  Brutal tactics and reliance on military
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Cromwell's military leadership?

  Strengths:

  • Brilliant battlefield commander
  • Key victories at Marston Moor, Naseby, Dunbar
  • Built and shaped the New Model Army
  • Won respect and loyalty of soldiers

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Brutal tactics in Ireland
  • Failed overseas campaigns (Hispaniola)
  • Reliance on military weakened civilian government
  • At odds with Parliament, increasing authoritarianism
• How did Cromwell's military success influence his political rise?

  • Enabled power after 1649
  • Led to rise as Lord Protector in 1653
  • Shifted toward military-backed government
• What were the outcomes of key battles and campaigns led by Cromwell?

  • Marston Moor (1644): Defeated Royalists in the North
  • Naseby (1645): Decisive Parliamentarian victory
  • Drogheda/Wexford (1649): Military win, reputational loss
  • Dunbar (1650): Outnumbered but victorious
  • Worcester (1651): Final defeat of Charles II's forces
  • Western Design (1655): Failed in Hispaniola, won Jamaica