Ionic compounds

• What is ionic bonding generally involve?

  A metal atom transferring electrons to a non-metal
• What do oppositely charged ions form?

  An ionic bond through electrostatic attraction
• What do we call the entire structure formed by ionic bonding?

  An ionic compound
• How do ionic compounds exist in real life?

  They involve many ions, not just a couple
• What is the arrangement of ions in ionic compounds?

  Positive and negative ions alternate in a lattice
• What do we call the three-dimensional structures formed by ionic compounds?

  Regular lattice structures
• How can ionic compounds be represented visually?

  With ball and stick diagrams
• What are two key properties of ionic compounds?

  High melting and boiling points
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When melted or dissolved in water
• What determines the melting and boiling points of substances?

  The strength of the bonds holding them together
• Why do ionic compounds require high energy to break bonds?

  They have many strong ionic bonds
• What is necessary for conducting electricity in ionic compounds?

  Charged particles that can move
• What happens to ionic compounds in solid form regarding electricity?

  They cannot conduct electricity
• What occurs when ionic compounds are melted or dissolved?

  The ions are free to move about
• How do you determine the formula of sodium chloride?

  NaCl, one sodium and one chloride
• What charge does magnesium have when it forms an ion?

  Two plus charge
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl₂
• What is the charge of hydroxide ions?

  One minus charge
• What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

  Ca(OH)₂
• What is the charge of sulfate ions?

  Two minus charge
• What is the formula for aluminium sulfate?

  Al₂(SO₄)₃
• What is the formula for the nitrate ion?

  NO₃^-
• What is the formula for the carbonate ion?

  CO₃^2-
• What is the formula for the ammonium ion?

  NH₄⁺
• What are some important ions to memorize for ionic compounds?

  • Hydroxide ion: OH^-
  • Sulfate ion: SO₄^2-
  • Nitrate ion: NO₃^-
  • Carbonate ion: CO₃^2-
  • Ammonium ion: NH₄⁺
• What are the steps to determine the formula of an ionic compound?

  1. Identify the charges of the ions.
  2. Balance the charges to achieve neutrality.
  3. Write the formula using the appropriate subscripts.