HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, PEOPLEWARE

• Magnetic Disk Unit


  •Most widely used auxiliary storage device.
• Magnetic Disk Unit


  •Devices that store data using magnetic disks.
• External Drive


  - Flash Drive Cloud
• Solid State Drives


  - Use integrated circuit assemblies as memory
• CD-ROM (Compact disc read-only memory)


  •Use CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player to read.

  Used to distribute software.
• CD-ROM (Compact disc read-only memory)


  • Cannot be erased or modified.
• CD-ROM (Compact disc read-only memory)


  •Can contain text, graphics, and video as well as sound.
• CD-ROM


  • Compact disc read-only memory.
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk)


  •Can be thought of as layering CD-ROMs one on top of the other.
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk)


  • Capable of storing up to 2 hours (or more, depending on standards used) of animated images and audio data.
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk)


  (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk)
• Optical Disc (CD, DVD, Blu-ray)


  - Read/write data through light/laser beams
• Magnetic Disk


  - Direct access storage media; high capacity and fast retrieval speed; Reads/ write data through the use of electromagnetism
• Secondary or Auxiliary Storage Devices (Cont.)


  Magnetic tape

  Magnetic Disk

  Optical Disc (CD, DVD, Blu-ray)

  Solid State Drives

  External Drive
• Magnetic tape


  - Data are stored serially and can only be accessed in a serial manner; high capacity; cheap
• Output devices


  Webcam, Speakers, Microphone, Monitor, Printer, Headphone
• Data stored in primary storage are volatile and temporary


  We store data in an auxiliary storage device for 2 reasons:
• Primary storage can only store a limited amount of data


  We store data in an auxiliary storage device for 2 reasons:
• Secondary or Auxiliary Storage Devices


  Is where data are stored permanently. It is outside the primary storage and serves just like a filing cabinet.
• Output Device


  any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)


  - used to read the numbers printed at the bottom of checks
• • Speech Synthesizers


  covert human speech into digital form or written text into computerized voice.
• Input Devices


  • Optical Mark Recognition

  • Sensors

  • Touch Screen

  • Light Pen

  • Touch Screen

  • Speech Synthesizers
• Input Devices


  camera, joystick, mouse, mic, touch tablet, hand-held scanner, keyboard, flatbed scanner
• Input


  An _______ device allows users to communicate and feed instructions and data to computers for processing, display, storage and/or transmission.
• Input Device


  An input device is a hardware or peripheral device used to send data to a computer.
• 3. CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)


  provides information every time computer is tumed on, e.g. RAM capacity, date/time
• 2. ROM (Read Only Memory)


  - contains stored instructions that a computer requires to be able to do its basic routine operations; non-volatile
• Cache memory


  - high speed holding area; for those information which are frequently used by the CPU
• 1. RAM (Random Access Memory)


  - stores data and instructions for processing; volatile (Volatile means the data/program in memory are erased once power is cut off) Cache memory-high speed holding area; for those information which are frequently used by the CPU
• Types of Memory:


  RAM, ROM (Read Only Memory), CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
• Memory stores three (3) basic types of items:

  Operating system and other system software, Application programs, Data / Information
• Main Storage


  The memory stores instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, the data needed by those instructions and the results of processed data (information).
• 4. System clock


  - controls the timing of computer operations; it generates regular electronic impulses (ticks) that sets the operating pace of the system unit components
• 3. Registers


  - temporarily holds data and instructions; they are small high-speed location inside the processor
• 2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)


  - performs the arithmetic and logical calculations inside the CPU
• 1. Control Unit


  - directs the flow of instructions and data inside the CPU and acts as a traffic controller; it interprets each instruction and initiates the appropriate action to carry out.
• The processor contains:

  Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Registers, System clock
• Processor


  - interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer; it may also be called the central processing unit or the CPU
• Output


  - device used to send data from a computer to other devices