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paper 2
approaches
behaviourist approach
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Created by
lydia🇵🇱
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Cards (9)
overall assumptions:
focus on being observable and measurable to make it an objective and scientific approach
all behaviour is learned through experience/
environment
, we are born as blank slates ‘tabula rasa’
we can generalise animal behaviour to human behaviour
classical conditioning- learning through assocciation
Pavlovs
research in dogs:
Before conditioning
Bell
(
NS
) ->
no
response
Food
(
UCS
) ->
Salivation
(
UCR
)
During conditioning
Bell+Food
(
UCS
) ->
Salivation
(
UCR
)
After conditioning
Bell
(
CS
) ->
Salivation
(
CR
)
operant conditioning-
learning through
reinforcement
negative reinforcement-
taking
something
bad
away,
so behaviour is
more
likely to be repeated
positive reinforcement-
getting
a
reward,
so behaviour is
more
likely to be repeated
punishment(
NOT
REINFORCEMENT)-
receiving a
negative
consequence
so behaviour is
less
likely to be repeated
Skinners research on rats:
positive reinforcement - if the rat
pushed
the
lever,
it was given a
food pellet
negative reinforcement- if the rat pushed the lever, it
stopped
the
electric current
from the grid
Why does something show operant conditioning?
the action is a
desired
response and results in a
positive consequence
to repeat behaviour
who researched into classical conditioning using humans?
Watson
and
Rayner
(the
Little Albert
study)
evaluations of behaviourist approach:
🙂
practical
application
(e.g schools)
🙂
scientific
🙂 led to effective
therapies
(phobias)
☹️ problems
generalising
animals to humans
☹️/🙂
environmental
determinism