DRRR L3

• People are not the only ones who can be affected

  by hazards. Familiarizing yourselves with smaller

  elements that are exposed to hazards is no

  different from doing it with bigger things exposed

  to bigger sources of danger.
• Elements at risk are the people, properties, economic

  activities, and private and public services potentially

  threatened by a harmful event.
• Risk assessment involves the identification and

  mapping of the elements at risk and the assessment

  of vulnerability.
• As the risk model (Risk = Hazard x Exposure x

  Vulnerability) shows, risk is also a function of

  hazard.
• Hazard refers to the probability of occurrence

  at a given magnitude.
• Exposed element can refer to the number of

  people or structures within the exposed area.
• The combination of both hazard and exposed

  population provides the physical exposure:

  PhExp = Hazard x Exposure
• PhExp = physical exposure for the affected area
• Hazard = probability of occurrence of an event at

  a given magnitude
• Exposure = total population living in the affected

  area for each event
• Social

  • The social dimension of exposure and

  vulnerability covers a wide range of concerns

  including migration, social groups, health and

  well-being, education, culture, institutions, and

  governance aspects.
• Social

  • Demography is the most important aspect.
• Social

  • Population density maps are excellent indicatorsof exposure and vulnerability.
• Environmental

  The physical aspects of exposure and

  vulnerability refer to location and built structures.
• Environmental -

  • Essential Facilities, Hazardous Materials, Transportation, and Utility Lifelines
• Economic

  • Among the economic effects of a hazard event

  include business interruptions due to

  accessibility problems, loss of jobs and access to

  work, and loss of government income due to

  inability of businesses and people to pay taxes at

  a time when more funds are needed for relief and

  rehabilitation.
• Economic - Disasters may also significantly affect the gross domestic product (GDP)