Nationalism in India

• The first world war was a war between the allies and the central powers.
• There was a crop failure during 1918-1920 in India. The influenza epidemic killed 13 million people
• In January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa and started the movement Satyagraha
• In 1917, he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system
• In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers
• In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi organised satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat
• In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi launched a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act
• On April 10th, police in Amritsar fired on a peaceful procession, which provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command
• On 13th April Jallianwala Bagh incident took place
• In September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi convinced other leaders to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat called NCM-Khilafat.
• In January 1921, the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began
• Jawaharlal Nehru in June 1920, started going around the villages in Awadh and along with few others set up the Oudh Kisan Sabha
• a militant guerrilla movement started spreading in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh which was led by Alluri Sitaram Raju who claimed that he had a variety of special powers.
• Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission
• In February 1922, the Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn because Mahatma Gandhi felt that it was turning violent
• Swaraj Party was formed by CR Das and Motilal Nehru
• In 1928, Simon Commission arrived in India and it was greeted by the slogan ‘Go back, Simon’
• In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India
• It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as Independence Day
• On 31 January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands
• The famous salt march was started by Mahatma Gandhi accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers
• On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement
• In April 1930, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi was arrested
• Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on 5 May 1930
• The Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh refused to participate when the Civil Disobedience Movement was restarted in 1932
• Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927 was formed
• The industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was first launched.
• Dr B.R. Ambedkar organised the Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930
• The Poona Pact of September 1932, gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils
• Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay created the image of Bharat Mata
• Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland
• Rabindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata portrayed as an ascetic figure
• During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed which had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims
• By 1921, Gandhiji designed the Swaraj flag, a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help
• Baba Ramchandra led the Awadh peasant struggle in 1920-21
• Gandhiji wrote Hind Swaraj in 1909
• The Calcutta session of congress took place in September in 1920
• The Nagpur session of congress took place in December 1920
• Chauri Chaura incident happened in 1922 where 22 policemen where killed
• The Dandi March initiated on 11th March 1920 over the span of 24 days