Addiction

• What are the 6 addiction components?

  • Saliance
  • Mood modification
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal
  • Conflict
  • Relapse
• Which researcher studied biological addiction and what did they do?

  Kenneth Kendler

  Studied people who as children had been adopted away from families in which at least one parent was an addict#
• What are two personality traits of an addict?

  Competitiveness and low self-esteem
• What is the pathway of nicotine once it has entered the brain?

  • Binds to acetycholine receprots in the VTA
  • Release of dopamine, stimulation of reward centre in nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex
  • Pleasure feelings occur
• What is cue reactivity?

  • Repeatedly doing addictive behaviour in the same environment creates associations
• What are 3 things that may be different within problem gamblers?

  • Heuristics
  • Illusion of control
  • Flexible attributions
• What are heuristics?

  Commen sense sets of rules that are used to solve problems
• What is illusion of control?

  Gamblers think they have a greater chance of winning than probability would suggest, and also skill influences chance of winning
• What is flexible attributions>?

  Gamblers consider that success is due to their own skill and that failure results from external influences such as malfunctioning fruit machine
• What is continous reinforcement?

  Reinforces the desired response each time it occurs
• What is partial reinforcement?

  Reinforces a response only part of the time
• What are agonists?

  Safer substitutes which produce a similar effect to the addiction

  E.g methadone
• What are antagonists?

  Block receptors in the brain responsible for pleasure

  E.g Nalmefe
• What are aversities?

  Produce unpleasent consequences such as vomiting

  E.g Disulfran
• What are the three factors that influece the strength of intentions?

  • Attitude toward the behaviour
  • Subjective norm
  • Percieved behavioural control
• What are Prochaska's 6 stage model of behaviour change?

  • pre contemplation
  • contemplation
  • preperation
  • action
  • maintenance
  • relapse