Module 2

• Information Technology uses computers to gather, process, store, protect, and transfer information
• Information Communications Technology requires computers to be connected to a network for work
• Basic Principle of Computer:

  • Input - Process - Output
  • Computer receives data through an input device, processes it, and sends it back through an output device
• Hardware:

  • Tangible/Physical computer parts that are palpable and visible
• Software:

  • Set of commands understandable to the computer
  • Intangible part of the computer written to perform tasks using built-in hardware
• Components of Computer Hardware:

  • Speaker: produces sound output
  • Printer: prints documents
  • Monitor: displays images and text
  • Mouse: communicates as a pointing device
  • RAM (Random Access Memory): stores data and machine codes for fast retrieval
  • Hard Disk: stores files for future access
  • Power Supply: regulates power to computer devices
  • GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): accelerates image creation
  • Keyboard: input device for typing commands
  • Computer Case: houses motherboard, processor, hard disk, RAM, GPU, and power supply safely
• • Motherboard: connects all computer devices, acts as communication and transfer hub
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): performs computations for the computer
  • Processor: digital circuit for computer computations
• Common devices for storing and transferring data:

  • Hard disk
  • USB flash drive
  • Diskettes and ZIP disks
  • CD and DVD discs
  • Memory cards
  • Network drives
  • Online/Cloud storage
• Types of Software:

  • Operating System: basic program automatically loaded on computer startup
  • Application Software: software used on an installed operating system to accomplish tasks