Chapter 17: The Subjunctive

• It may be helpful to think of the Subjunctive as the 'mood of doubtful assertion'
• Subjunctives occur in all three of the voices (active, middle, passive), but only in the present or aorist tense. Thus it is similar to the imperative and infinitive.
• Subjunctive

  A) λυω

  B) λυῃς

  C) λυῃ

  D) λυωμεν

  E) λυητε

  F) λυωσιν

  G) λυσω

  H) λυσῃς

  I) λυσῃ

  J) λυσωμεν

  K) λυσητε

  L) λυσωσιν

  M) βαλω

  N) βαλῃς

  O) βαλῃ

  P) βαλωμεν

  Q) βαλητε

  R) βαλωσιν

  S) λυθω

  T) λυθῃς

  U) λυθῃ

  V) λυθωμεν

  W) λυθητε

  X) λυθωσιν

  
• ἀν means conditional particle
• ἀχρι + gen means until
• ἱνα + subj means in order that
• ὁπως + subj means in order that
• ἐαν + subj is an alternative for ἀν (also can mean 'if')
• ὁταν + subj means whenever
• ἀγρος means field
• ἀνεμος means wind
• διακονος means servant
• ἐχθρος means enemy
• ἡλιος means sun
• οἰνος means wine
• ἀναιρεω means I take away, kill
• κατηγορεω means I accuse
• ὁμολογεω means I promise, confess
• γενεα means family, generation
• An adjective that often functions as a noun: πτωχος means poor
• γλωσσα means tongue or language
• γραφη means writing or scripture
• διαθηκη means covenant, last will and testament
• διακονια means service, ministry
• ἐπαγγελια means promise
• ἐπιθυμια means desire
• θυρα means door
• Ἰουδαια means Judea
• μαρτυρια means testimony or witness
• ὀργη means anger, wrath
• σοφια means wisdom
• σωτηρια means salvation
• τιμη means price, value, honour
• φυλακη means watch (guards), prison
• χρεια means need
• In the subjunctive the difference between the tenses is the same - the present if the action is being viewed as part of a process (continuous or repeated), otherwise the Aorist, just as in the Infinitive and Imperative.
• Clauses that refer to a person, place of time that is not definite use the word ἀν plus the subjunctive to express this indefiniteness. Often, this indefiniteness is expressed in English by the word 'ever'
• ἱνα + subj = purpose
• Note: ὁπως + subj is a more unusual alternative for ἱνα + subjunctive.
• The subjunctive can be used on its own in the 1st person plural form to express an exhortation, when the speaker is exhorting others to join him or her in an action.